الفهرس 
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Abstract
present study was conducted in corporation between Animal Production Research Institute (APRI) belonging to Agricultural Research Center, and Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University. Total of 20 female from the newborn Friesian calves were used in the present study. After one week of birth, initial live body weight was around 37.51±0.92 kg. At the beginning of the experiment, newborn calves were divided into four groups (5 calves/group). The 1st group did not untreated as control group. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were treated with bee pollen 10 g (Bp), black seeds oil 10 g (Bs), and their combination 5 g + 5 g (Bps) head/d respectively. 4.1. Growth performance: Data showed that LBW of Friesian calves at birth did not differ significantly (P<0.05) among the experimental groups. The administration of either bee pollen (Bp), black seed oil (Bs) alone, or in a combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) heavier calves at weaning and post weaning than their controls. Also, total weight gain (TWG), daily weight gain (DWG), and total gain relative to control significantly (P<0.05) increased in treatment groups as compared to control group. In general, newborn Friesian calves receiving Bps achieved the highest (P<0.05) LBW, TWG, and DWG in comparing with control calves and even calves in other treatment groups (Bp and Bs groups). These results indicated similar impacts of either Bp or Bs on LBW and the gain of calves during the suckling period. The weaning weight of calves in G2 and G3 was higher by about 23% relative to the control calves. Also, total and daily weight gain was increased by about 47% in G2 and G3 relative to control. The corresponding values regarding the calves in G4 were 47 and 92%, respectively. 4.2. Blood biochemical parameters: 4.2.1. Serum total protein concentration: Data revealed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in a combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves obtained higher values significantly (P<0.05) for the serum total protein concentration at the beginning, at weaning, and post weaning than the control group. Also, data showed the highest significant increase (P<0.05) in G4, followed by G2 and G3 compared to G1 for serum TP concentration. 4.2.2. Serum albumin concentration: Data revealed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seed oil (Bs) alone or in a combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher values of serum albumin concentration at weaning, and post weaning than the control group. Also, data showed that AL concentration was significantly (P<0.05) the highest in G4 followed by G2 and G3 as compared to G1 for concentration of serum at weaning and post weaning. 4.2.3. Serum globulin concentration: Data revealed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) separately or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher values of serum globulin concentration at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data showed the highest significant (P<0.05) increase in concentration of serum GL at and post weaning in G4 followed by G2 and G3. 4.2.4. Serum glucose concentration: Data revealed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher values of serum glucose concentration at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data showed highest significant (P<0.05) increase in G4 followed by G2 and G3 as compared to G1 for concentration of serum Glu at and post weaning. Also, data showed highest significant (P<0.05) increase in G4 as compared to G2, G3, and G1 for concentration of serum Glu at weaning and post weaning. The obtained results indicated positive impact of all treatments on protein and carbohydrate metabolites of calves, being the highest on albumin and the lowest on glucose concentration. The rate of increase in protein and glucose metabolites was maximized by the combination treatment. However, either Bp or Bs alone showed a lower rate of increase in this regard. 4.2.5. Serum total lipids: Data revealed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher values of serum total lipids concentration at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Data showed that concentration of serum TL was significantly (P<0.05) the highest in G4 followed by G2 and G3 at weaning, and post weaning. 4.2.6. Serum cholesterol: Data showed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher values of serum cholesterol concentration at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data revealed highest significant (P<0.05) increase in G4 followed by G2 and G3 as compared to G1 for concentration of serum Ch. The obtained results regard to lipid profile of calves in different experimental groups showed pronounced effects of Bp, Bs, or their combination on increasing serum cholesterol and total lipids concentrations. The combination treatment showed double impacts than either Bp or Bs alone, clearing a synergic effect on lipid profile. 4.2.7. Serum urea: Data showed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) lower values of serum urea concentration at weaning, and post weaning than the control group. Also, data revealed lowest significant (P<0.05) decrease in G4 followed by G2 and G3 as compared to G1 for concentration of serum Ur at weaning, and post weaning. 4.2.8. Serum creatinine: Data revealed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) lower values of serum creatinine concentration at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data revealed that plsma creatinine concentration was lowest significant (P<0.05) decrease in G4 followed by G2 and G3 at weaning and post weaning. The results of kidney function markers of calves in different experimental groups revealed pronounced effects of Bp, Bs, or their combination on decreasing serum urea and creatinine concentrations suggesting an improvement of kidney function of calves. 4.2.9. Aspartate-aminotransferase (AST): Data showed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) lower activity at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data revealed that AST activity significantly the lowest (P<0.05) reduction in G4 followed by G2 and G3 at weaning and post weaning. 4.2.10. Alanine-aminotransferase (ALT): Data showed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) lower ALT activity at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data revealed the lowest significant (P<0.05) decrease of ALT activity in G4 followed by G2 and G3 at weaning and post weaning. The present results indicated beneficial impacts of either BP or BS alone on improving liver function. 4.2.10. Serum total antioxidants capacity (TAC): Data showed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher concentration of serum total antioxidants capacity (TAC) at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data revealed the highest TAC level significantly (P<0.05) in G4 followed by G2 and G3 serum total antioxidants capacity (TAC) post weaning. The present results indicated beneficial impacts of either BP or BS alone on improving the antioxidant status of calves. 4.3. Hematological parameters: 4.3.1. Red blood cells (RBCs) count: Data revealed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher count of RBCs at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest RBCs count in G4 followed by G2 and G3at weaning and post weaning. 4.3.2. White blood cells (WBCs) count: Data showed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher count of WBCs at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data revealed the highest significant (P<0.05) count of RBCs in G4 followed by G2 and G3 at weaning, and post weaning. 4.3.3. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration: Data revealed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher values of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data showed highest significant (P<0.05) increase in G4 followed by G2 and G3 as compared to G1 for concentration of serum hemoglobin (Hb) at weaning, and post weaning. 4.3.4. Packed cell volume (PCV): Data showed that the administration of either bee pollen (Bp) or black seeds oil (Bs) alone or in combination (Bps) to newborn Friesian calves achieved significantly (P<0.05) higher values of serum packed cell volume (PCV %) at weaning and post weaning than the control group. Also, data revealed significantly (P<0.05) the highest PCV value in G4 followed by G2 and G3 at weaning and post weaning. The differences in hematological parameters between G2 and G3 were not significant. 4.4. Serum immunoglobulins (Ig): 4.4.1. Immunoglobulin type G (IgG): Results showed that serum IgG was significantly (P<0.05) increased in treatment groups (G2, G3, and G4) compared with the control (G1). The combination treatment (G4) showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest values, but the differences in IgG between G2 and G3 were not significant. 4.4.2. Immunoglobulin type M (IgM): Results showed that serum IgM was significantly (P<0.05) increased in treatment groups (G2, G3, and G4) compared with the control (G1). The combination treatment (G4) showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest values, but the differences in IgM between G2 and G3 were not significant. 4.4.3. Immunoglobulin type A (IgA): Results showed that serum IgA was significantly (P<0.05) increased in treatment groups (G2, G3, and G4) compared with the control (G1). Results cleared that the highest rate of increase in serum immunoglobulins of calves in G2, G3, and G4 relative to G1 (control) was recorded for IgM level and the lowest for IgG level. In this respect, the combination treatment showed the highest rate of increase in all immunoglobulin types, being the highest for IgM. These results indicated similarity in the beneficial impacts of either Bp or Bs alone, but their synergetic effect was recorded on the immune response of calves at weaning. We conclude from this study that treating newly born Friesian calves after feeding the brood with black seed oil and bee pollen, individually or in a mixture between them, led to an improvement in productive performance, blood components, hematology, and immune status. It is recommended to treat them with a mixture of 5 gm black seed oil + 5 gm pollen/head/day for each calf throughout the first three and a half months (105 days), as it is able to enhance the immune response and improve growth performance with good health status, feed conversion rate, and economic efficiency. , which allows raising the efficiency of female calves for reproduction.