الفهرس 
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Abstract
The removal of iron and manganese from aqueous solutions has gained
much attention in recent decades, so many methods had been proposed for the
removal of iron and manganese from groundwater. Clays and their modified
forms have great superiority over all adsorbents due to their abundance, lowcost,
highly efficient and environmentally benign. There are two main reasons
why clay minerals are frequently selected as starting materials for the
development of important sorbents. The first is that clay minerals usually have
a large surface area, usually between 700 and 850 m2/g. The second reason is
clay mineral’s expansive surface has an electrical charge that results in the
accumulation of inorganic and organic cations.