الفهرس 
Evolution of Water Management Strategies to Sponge City ApproachOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In recent years, the growth in impermeable surfaces due to of continuous urbanization, and climate changes have resulted in a number of environmental consequences, especially the urban flooding. Although Egypt has an arid climate, but it has recently experienced an increase in rainfall extremes. Several extreme rainfall events happened in different regions in Egypt such as the north coast, Red Sea, the Nile Delta, and Upper Egypt regions, several regions in Cairo, Ain Sokhna-Zafarana Road, and Sinai which sometimes lead to extreme urban floods. Moreover, the amount of rainfall in Egypt increased from 2.86 mm in December of 2015 to 3.78 mm in December of 2020. Therefore, the rainfall has increased by 75% in December 2020 compared to December 2015.
Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to construct a sponge city to improve the rainwater management, and enhance the landscape functionality, and buildings with innovative sustainable solutions due to the lack of guidelines for establishing resilient cities in Egypt. Firstly, the thesis describes evolution of different water strategies to the sponge city approach; secondly, the design elements, and measures of the sponge cities, as well as technical steps of sponge city development through landscape, or the envelope of buildings; thirdly, analyzing projects international projects ,and local residential compounds in Egypt as case studies to determine the different practices of the sponge city approach, and their findings; finally, providing design guidelines as a framework for the design considerations to convert a theoretical method of resilient city construction to provide design guidelines through landscape, and building techniques in Egypt.