الفهرس 
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Abstract
Arabic Abstract
First: Introduction and reference survey.
The family Arecaceae contains more than 2,600 species in 181 genera, most of which grow in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions. The large evergreen leaves, or fronds, are located at the top of the unbranched stem of most palm trees. However, palm trees are very diverse, and can be found in different environments from rain forests to deserts.
Dipsis is a genus belonging to the family Arecaceae. It is a palm of diverse nature, ranging from large umbrella trees to small shrubs, distributed in Madagascar and neighboring islands and includes 140 species. Hewphorb is another genus that contains about five species of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae.
After surveying the references for these two sexes, a limited number of chemical and biological studies were found on them. Then, these plants were collected from Al-Abd farm (Cairo-Alexandria desert road) in January 2018. As a result, this study was planned to include four main parts as follows:
Part one: chemical study.
Chapter One: Preliminary Chemical Survey.
1- The first chemical survey revealed that all plants contain carbohydrates or glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids or nitrogenous bases, and sterols or triterpenes.
2- Dipsis Dikary Seed Powder also contains saponifiables and protein.
3- Hueforb Lignicaolis powder also contains tannins.
4- All plants are free from volatile oils, anthraquinones and coumarins.
5- The dried powder of Hueforb Lignicaolis and Dipsis Leptochelis is also free from saponification. Dipsis dicarii (aerial part) also contains saponified material.
Chapter 2: Analytical Metabolic Using HPLC-MS.
Metabolic analysis of alcoholic extracts from these plants led to the characterization of a variety of compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids, and it was noted that some flavonoids and phenolic compounds are common among the ethanolic extracts of these plants.
The metabolic analysis of Dipsis dicarii (vegetative part and seeds) and Dipsis leptochills was first studied using HPLC-MS.
The third chapter: Examination of the chemical components of the vegetative part of Dipsis dicarii
This study resulted in the separation of 7 chemical compounds in pure form.
Chapter Four: Identification of the separated compounds of the ethanolic extract from the (aerobic fraction)
7 of the compounds separated by different spectral methods were identified and compared with the published results of these compounds, as well as the physical and chromatographic properties, and they are as follows:
Compound 1: Stigmasterol-3-a-b-glucoside.
Compound 2: procatecoic acid.
Compound 3: Narcisin or Tamrexetine 3-Rotinoside.
Compound 4: Nicotiflurane.
Compound 5: rutin.
Compound 6: epicatechin.
Compound 7: catechins.
Chapter Five: Study of the fatty acid content of the oil fraction of the total ethanolic extract of Dipsis dicari seeds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
The study revealed that the major fatty acids identified were: lauric acid (32.08%), followed by trans-13-octadecenoic acid (19.32%), myristic acid (17.59%) and palmitic acid (13.83%).
Part II: Biological Study
The first chapter: biological studies in the laboratory
1) Anti-cancer effect.
The anti-cancer effect of ethanolic extracts of Dipsis dicarii (aerial part and seeds), Dipsis leptochelis and Heophorbe ligniculais (aerial part) against breast cancer cells, liver cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer cells was evaluated.
The ethanolic extract of the aerial part of Dipsis dicarii and its various parts was evaluated against liver cancer cells, and the ethanolic extract of the seeds of Dipsis dicarii and its various parts against prostate cancer cells to determine the most active sample against these cells. where the results showed that the part 3 of the aerial part has a strong toxic effect against liver cancer cells and that the oil fraction of the total ethanolic extract of the seeds of Dipsis dicarii is the most toxic samples in the seeds of the Dipsis dicarii plant against prostate cancer cells.
The effect of using Part 3 of Dipsysis dicarii aerobic part as well as the oil fraction of total ethanolic extract of Dibissis dicarii seeds on BCL2, BAX, B53 as well as EGFR was evaluated. It turned out that they had a strong effect on reducing BCL2 while increasing both BAX and p53. They also showed strong inhibitory effects on EGFR activity.
2) antimicrobial effect
The antimicrobial effect of different extracts and fractions of Dipsis dicarii (aerial part and seeds), Dipsis leptochelis and Hewphorb ligniculis in addition to Part No. 3 of the aerial part of Dipsis dicarii and the oil part of the total ethanolic extract of Dipsis dicarii seeds against some types of Gram-positive and negative bacteria and fungi were evaluated.
This study revealed that the extracts of Dipsis dicarii (aerial part and seeds), and part No. 3 of the aerial part of Dibissis dicarii have weak antifungal activity against most types of bacteria and fungi used in comparison with standard antimicrobials (Gentamicin) and standard antifungals (Ketoconazole). .
3) antiviral effect.
The study showed that the oil fraction of the total ethanolic extract of Dipsis dicarii seeds and fraction No. 3 of the total aerobic ethanolic extract of Dipsis dicarii showed weak antiviral activity against coronavirus.
Chapter Two: Biological Studies on Living Organisms:
1) Study of the toxicity of the total ethanolic extract used for Dipsis dicarii (aerial part and seeds), Dipsis leptochelis and Hewphorb