الفهرس 
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Abstract
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found mainly in fresh vegetables and fruits. Clove oil is extracted from the clove herb, and it is one of the flavorful spices known since ancient times and is rich in flavonoids and antioxidant phenolic compounds. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that leads to oxidative stress, which causes toxicity in many organs, especially the liver and kidneys. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of vitamin C and clove oil against cadmium-induced toxicity in rats. Six groups of ten rats were included: group 1, control group, group 2 were treated orally with cadmium chloride at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. group 3 was treated with vitamin C at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight, and group 4 was treated with clove oil at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight. group 4 was treated with clove oil at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight, group 5 was treated with vitamin C and cadmium chloride together, and group 6 was treated with clove oil and cadmium chloride together at the same doses for a period of four weeks. Subsequently, blood samples were taken, the rats were euthanized, and liver and kidney tissues were collected. Cadmium poisoning led to anemia along with leukocytosis. Moreover, cadmium toxicity significantly increased the activity of liver enzymes, total, direct and indirect bilirubin and globin and at the same time the total serum protein, albumin levels decreased significantly. . Kidney function indicators (creatinine, urea, and uric acid) also increased significantly. The level of oxidative stress factor for the liver was significantly raised with a concomitant decrease in hepatic antioxidant biomarkers and severe changes in the structure of liver and kidney tissue in rats infected with cadmium chloride. In addition, cadmium causes inflammation and cell death in the liver and an increase in the immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and TNF-α. In conclusion, vitamin C and clove oil led to a significant improvement in all previously mentioned parameters, and this indicates that it has protective properties from toxicity resulting from cadmium.