الفهرس 
General IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 137 |  |  |
| | | from | 137 | | |
Abstract
The thesis content can be portrayed briefly as four chapters:
General Introduction:
-This chapter contains a general introduction regarding the work done includes three parts:
> Part (I): It contains an overview of mycotoxins, knowing difference of mycotoxins and mycotoxicosis, climate effects on mycotoxins, their toxicological and health hazard, and general view of analytical techniques to detection of mycotoxin.
> Part (II): Fundamental aspects of electrochemical analytical methods, it illustrates the Basic concepts in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Analytical Methods as selective Electrodes, electrodeposition, Coulometry, Titrimetric Methods of Analysis, and Voltammetric Methods.
> Part (III): Cyclic voltammetry overview, Basic Experimental setup Apparatus as Electrodes, Potentiostat, and Overall theory.
Fumonisin mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi can cause serious human and animal diseases, exposure to fumonisin B1 (FB1) causes pulmonary edema in hogs and leukoencephalomalacia (LEM) in equine. While some toxin synthesis may occur during transportation and storage, predictably, Fusarium mycotoxins found in food are produced mainly in the field, where the two main factors impacting on the growth and production of toxins are temperature and water potential temperature
Classical analysis needs advanced lab, expert operate, and challenging sample preparation besides expensive cost. the electrochemical sensors have seemed as a strict substitution of classical analysis, in the existing study.
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to detect Fumonisins using screen-printed platinum electrode (SPPE) connected to PGSTAT204 potentiator, CV measurements were adjusted at scan rate of 50 mV/s three runs from +1 to -1 V. The three electrodes of the electrochemical cell were covered by DROP casting 50 µL of the sample solution of diluted Fumonisin series (50-400) g/L was daily prepared by the working PBS standard solution. the graphs appear cathodic peak at about -0.8 V The linear relationship appears between concentration of Fumonisins and current in direct relationship with R² (COD)=0.96249, slope=2.94245E-6, linear range of 50 µg/L to 400 µg/L, LOD=84.17 µg/L, LOQ =280.5 µg/L.
Patulin (PAT) causes serious hurtful effects on human and animal health resulting in serious economic casualties, Electro-analysis shows a high interest in the field of food analysis. Because of the sense and simplicity of electrochemistry it considers substitute technique than traditional one.
In the present work, Screen-Printed Gold Electrode for patulin detection is studied using cyclic voltammetry. diluted patulin series (10-300) ppb by working PBS standard solution was daily prepared. The SPGE was connected to potentiostat via specific connectors that act as interface between them. The linear relationship appears between concentration of PAT and current with R² (COD)=0.99976, slope=1.21933E-6, linear range from 10 g/L to 300 g/L, LOD=4.5 g/L, LOQ =15 g/L, spiked apples juice exam in our test that appear cathodic peak on -1.3 V at the same to calibration curve belong to series PAT.
The research concludes on facilitating the determination of ochratoxin by analyzing food infected with this toxin resulting from the secondary anaphylactoid processes of filamentous fungi and representing a threat to human and animal health alike. Grains, including wheat, are strategic commodities for the Arab Republic of Egypt.
We used here in this research spice samples and different concentrations of standard materials diluted with a neutral acidic phosphate solution from one to one thousand parts per billion and preserved in dark colored bottles due to their sensitivity to light. Micro, a small amount of solution is applied to cover the small area of the electrodes and the device is operated at room temperature and this experiment proved its accuracy due to the small detection limit, which is estimated at two parts per billion and a linear range from one to one thousand parts per billion in a direct linear relationship between concentration and current in amperes. The research proved the efficiency of eighty percent, which gives us confidence in this new and easy method. We conclude from this the success of the research method to identify a small percentage of ochratoxin present in food.
CV measurements were adjusted at scan rate of 50 mV/s three runs from +1.5 to -1.5 V. The three electrodes of the electrochemical cell were covered by DROP casting 50 µL of the sample solution of diluted OTA with PBS series (1-1000) g/L. the graphs appear anodic peak at about -0.8 V The linear relationship appears between concentration of OTA and current in direct relationship with R² (COD)=0.9904, slope=4.892E-6, linear range from 1 -25 g/L, LOD=2.2 g/L, LOQ =7.63 g/L optimum region from pH 5 to pH 7. The recovery rate was found to be 80% when comparing a sample that had been prepared and measured using a fluorometer method and measured using our technique.