الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Actinobacteria are Gram-positive widely distributed and have distinctive filamentous morphologies, with DNA having high guanine and cytosine concentrations. The order Actinomycetales are grouped under four families viz Mycobacteriaceae, Actinomycetaceae, Streptomycetaceae and Actinoplanaceae.
The ability of Streptomyces species to produce beneficial secondary metabolites is significantly greater than previously thought, according to genome sequencing. A fascinating challenge for synthetic biology is to access this extensive genomic pool in order to uncover novel chemicals by turning on ”cryptic” pathways.
Due to importance of Actinobacteria, we isolated 58 isolates from seven different soil samples sharkia Governorate. The isolates were screening for antimicrobial and biological activity including (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal).
The antibacterial against 6 MDR gram+ve bacteria and 6 MDR gram-ve was found. The antifungal effect against yeast like Candida albicanis and Cryptococcus neoformans where Molds fungi as aspergillus flavus and aspergillus fumagitius There are two isolates performed as high antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity.
The effective isolates (n=2) were identified according to electron- microscopy showing spore surface, light microscope ISP method and 16 sRNA where identified as S. misakiensis OP168477, and S. coeruleorubidus OP168352 respectively.
Characterization of bioactive substance(s) was performed by using TLC, HPLC, GC mass, IR and NMR methods for identification and characterization of the obtained substance.
S. misakiensis metabolite extracts was Ursolic acid methyl ester exhibited antibacterial activity against a variety species of Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria with MIC values ranged from 0.125 to 2 μg/ml whereas thiocarbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl, S-1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. hydrophila, and S. pyogenes (MIC 0.5 - 4 μg/ml). Some strains of S. enterica serovars and L. monocytogens were inhibited with thiocarbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl, S-1,3- diphenyl-2-butenyl ester (MIC values of 1-8 μg/ml and 4-8 μg/ml, respectively).
S. aureus, S. equi, and P. aeruginosa were resistant to thiocarbamic acid, N,N- dimethyl, S-1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester.
Concerning antifungal potential of both Streptomyces species metabolites extracts, MICs ranged from 0.125 to 1 μg/ml for tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane d and 1 to 16 μg/ml for thiocarbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl,S-1,3-diphenyl-2- butenylestTetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane was more effective on C. albicans than Moreover, tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane was highly effective on C. neoformans and C. gattii . The MIC50 and MIC90 of ursolic acid methyl ester and tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane against all tested bacteria and fungi were 0.5 μg/ml and 1 μg/mL, respectively.
S. coeruleorubidus metabolite extracts (thiocarbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl, S-1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester) has antibacterial and antifungal activities but less than S. misakiensis metabolite extracts. Thiocarbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl, S-1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester (MIC 0.125-2 μg/ml vs 1-8 μg/ml).
Thiocarbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl, S-1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester was not effective on both Cryptococcus species. Thiocarbamic acid N,N-dimethyl, S- 1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester against bacteria (MIC50: 2 μg/ml and MIC90: 4 μg/ mL) and fungi (MIC50:4 μg/ml and MIC90: 8 μg/ mL).
Ursolic acid methyl ester is efficacious, safe, compliant, and cost- effective broad spectrum antimicrobial biomaterials that could be used to treat infections caused by MDR Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. Hence, it opens up new horizons for exploring promising alternative antimicrobial drugs for current and reemerging diseases.
Due to the effectively of ursolic acid methyl ester studying the efficacy of ursolic acid methyl ester in-vivo for treating septicemia and pneumonia models. ursolic acid methyl ester showing safety on tissue and decrease of bacterial colony than gentamicin control drug.
The antiviral of two strain Streptomyces sp were against new castle disease virus (NDV) (MN635617), where an urgent issue presently involves the search for antivirals to treat a number of viruses. The development of novel antiviral medications using currently accessible natural product components offers a viable remedy for this growing problem. It is well known that the bulk of medications have been created utilizing ingredients taken from naturally occurring gram-positive bacteria called Actinobacteria. á-Sitosterol was active against NDV than Methanone, [2-(1-Methyl ethyle Phenyl] which inhibit NDV in-vitro and in-vivo.