الفهرس 
Chapter OneOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nanoparticles have made a substantial contribution to the field of skincare products with ultraviolet (UV) filters in preserving human skin from sun damage. The current study aims to create new polymer nanocomposite filters for the efficient block of UV light that results from the stratospheric ozone layer loss. Precipitation method was used for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), copper oxide NPs (CuO-NPs), and CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs. Because of its simplicity and low cost, the solution casting method was used to produce various weights of ZnO-NPs, CuO-NPs, and CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs packed in natural polymer (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, CMC) in order to benefit from their structural and optical properties in blocking UV light. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR- TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet- visible-near IR (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy measurements were used to investigate the effects of the nanofiller’s concentration (wt.%) on the structural and optical properties of the CMC.
XRD results confirmed the reduction in crystallite size with increasing NPs concentration. HR-TEM results confirm the formation of the three metal oxides under study in the nanoscale. FTIR results confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite by the formation of hydrogen bonding between CMC and the NPs. Tunning the optical properties of CMC with the addition of different concentrations of ZnO, CuO, and CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs was confirmed by UV-Vis-NIR measurements. In order to confirm the obtained practical results, the theoretical study was carried out using molecular modeling, and the results were in a good agreement with those practical results. Based on the obtained optical results, it is concluded that the prepared polymer nanocomposites based on CMC and CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs can be used as a sunblock cream. Additionally, molecular modeling results confirmed that CMC model molecules can be used as a gas sensor for H2S, NH3, and HBr gases and as a photo-catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue dye.