الفهرس 
Definition of distributed generationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Energy storage systems (ESSs) have been successfully used in
cooperation with distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution
systems. In such systems, the ESSs transform electrical energy into a
more comfortable storage form to convert it back to electricity when
necessary. However, unplanned allocating of the integrated ESSs and
DERslead to excessive investment costs and insecure system operation.
Moreover, the charging and discharging processes have a direct impact
on the degradation of the ESSs aging. This thesis proposes a
methodology based on the Equilibrium Optimization (EO) algorithm for optimal integration of photovoltaic (PV) with battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in radial distribution networks. Multi various objectives are incorporated to minimize the cost of energy not supplied (CENS), the investment cost of PV and BESS installations, their operational costs, the power losses through the distribution lines, the produced the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions relative to the grid and PV systems. Added to that, the power losses through the voltage source converter (VSC) interface between integrated PV and BESS with the
grid are assessed. The proposed methodology is applied on two radial
distribution systems of 30-bus and 69-bus. The optimal integration of PV systems with BESS have been obtained by considering various case studies by imposing several limits on the number of PV-BESS and the state of charge (SOC) for BESS. Subsequently, comparative
performance analysis is performed using genetic algorithm (GA), EO algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), and grey wolf optimization (GWO). As well, the trade-off between different conflicting objectives is introduced. In addition to that, a multi objective model is proposed to handle the preceded allocation problem by maximizing the battery cycle to failure (CTF) for the first time. Also, different beneficial objectives are included by minimizing the operation and investment costs of the integrated units, the cost of energy not supplied (CENS), the power loss
in distribution lines and (CO2)emissions release. For solving the proposed model, a multi-objective EO (MOEO) is developed for determining the optimum sites and sizes of PV and BESS, maximum and minimum battery state of charge and the charge hours. The proposed approach is employed on IEEE standard 30-bus and 69-bus radial distribution networks. The proposed MOEO successfully acquires Pareto optimal front with diverse candidate options of different CTF and corresponding costs. Also, the impacts of varying depth of discharge (DOD) and charge and discharge hours for BESS on the system performance is analyzed.