الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This thesis consists of four chapters arranged as follows;
Chapter (1) Introduction
The introduction includes the specification and types of ashes produced from combustion process. It also discusses the world-wide and local bad impact result from using of fossil fuel, especially heavy fuel oil, as fuel in electricity production. Some methods used in recovery of metals as nickel and vanadium from fly and bottom ashes were explained with. Literature review of this thesis is also mentioned that explains that there is little searches in recovery of metals from bottom ashes , as far as I know. The aim and the benefits of the work was explained in this chapter
Chapter (2) literature review
This chapter includes pre studies and researches in energy field as general and also the types of fuel .Some of the bad impacts result from using fossil fuel and the suitable solution for this impacts were studied. The quantity of ashes produced locally and globally from combustion process and the studies for recover and reuse of some elements from ashes were mentioned and explained. The following issues were covered:
1-Fuel types
2-Steam power plans
3-Natural gas steam power plants
4-Heay fuel oil steam power plants
5-Properties of heavy fuel oil such as density, flash point, calorific value specific heat ,sulfer content ash content and water content.
6-Removing of pollutants from fuel oil.
7-Combustion process of fuel oil and its rules
8-Excess air and its optimum percentage
9-Polutants result from combustion of liquid fuel oil including nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, sulfer oxides, heavy metals suspended particulates and alkaline metals.
10- selection of suitable fuel type
11-Bottom ash result from combustion of heavy fuel oil
12- Controlling of solid waste result from combustion
13-Fuel additives and their benefits
14-Impacts of heavy fuel oil combustion as cold end and hot end corrosion
15 Literature review in fly and bottom ashe
16- literature review in recovery of some elements from fossil fuel remains
Chapter (3)
It is a search published in
(Waste and Biomass Valorization 2020 spring Nature B.V 2020).
Titled
Characterization of Power Plant Residue Using Various Spectroscopic Techniques for Recycling Valuable Metals
This chapter discuss orthogonal double-pulse laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (ODPLIPS) system for investigation of valuable heavy metals like vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) content in fuel power plant residue (PPR) Those precious elements that exist in the PPR were exactly identified using the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and an orthogonal double-pulse-LIPS (ODPLIPS) systems By using the ODPLIPS excitation technique, the intensity of both spectral lines Ni(II) 221.65 and V(II) 294.45 nm were enhanced by nearly 4 and 5 times, respectively at laser pulse energy (LPE) ratio (E2/E1 = 3) as compared to the SP signal that could help the analytical performance of the LIPS system in terms of increasing sensitivity and reducing self-absorption effects for PPR pellets. The method for preparation the pellet foe analysis is explained.the steps of set up the experiment is discussed in detailed to get the optimum intenisity of the ODPLIS DEVICE. Several experimental parameters of ODPLIPS geometry were optimized before applying the laser shock waves in different modes. These factors contain the periodic interval between the data acquisition and the excitation pulse laser (ICCD gate delay), the laser pulse energy (LPE) ratio and the inter-pulse delay between lasers. Comparison of the result obtained from ICP and ODPLIS for nickel and vanadium is done .the final result show that this method is fast and accurate for determination of vanadium and nickel in PPR.
Chapter (4)
It is a search published in Journal of Environmental science
Titeled
Recovery of some elements from solid waste produced from fuel combustion in power plants
This search consists of an introduction in which the worldwide problem of ashe ,with its types fly and bottom, result from combustion of fuel in power plants is explained. Landfill method of get rid of this ash cause bad impact to the environment. Discussion of this problem in Egypt is also explained. In this search nine samples collected from different power plants in Egypt. These power plants are Shobra, West Cairo Elkurimat and Ataka.the samples which contains the highest concentration of Vanadium and Nickel were chosen. The results of thermogravimetric analysis and EDX analysis for the chosen four samples explained and discussed
The recovery process consists of two stages the frist on is by using sulforic acid 20%at 80degree centigrade with 200rpm and 1 to100 solid liquid ratio for four hours. the second step was precipitation step by using ammonia ammonium chloride solution for Vanadium precipitation and sodium hydroxide for Nickle.the maximum recovery percentage is 96.3 for V and 95.8 for Nickle