الفهرس 
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Out of 3164 clinically examined animals, 1722 (54.42%) animals showed the clinical signs of bovine theileriosis. Final logistic regression model revealed that age, breed, season, contact with other cattle from different herds during grazing, pregnancy and lactation status and frequency of ectoparasiticides applications per year were the potential risk factors for the incidence of bovine theileriosis. Examination of blood smears revealed the existence of the parasite Theileria. Number of blood smears examined was 3164 and of which 2394 (75.66%) animals were positive for Theileria. Puri and Khordha districts were reported as high-risk regions for bovine theileriosis. The mean Hb, PCV, RBC and WBC were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in affected animals. Biochemical parameters were estimated and revealed a significant increase in mean AST and BUN. However, the mean TP, albumin and globulin were observed to significantly decrease in affected animals. PCR on blood samples revealed that 124 (44.76%), 139 (50.18%), and 4 (1.44%) were positive for T. annulata, T. orientalis and mixed infection. Ten samples were positive by microscopic examination and were negative by PCR. Analysis of Tams 1 gene sequence of T. annulata showed a similarity of 99.6 %, with Uttar Pradesh, India. T. orientalis partial MPSP gene isolated in this research revealed 99.87 %, 99.61% nucleotide identity with Sri Lanka type 5 and type 7 respectively. This is the first report of T. orientalis Type 5 and Type 7 in Odisha. This study verified the conformity between cPCR and qPCR outcomes in 100% of the samples tested. The findings of this research back up the fact that both PCR assays were equally successful in identifying T. annulata and T. orientalis in the blood of cattle. To detect T. orientalis genotypes, 72 samples were further examined through genotype specific qPCR. The first study in Odisha to report the transplacental transmission of T. annulata confirmed by molecular techniques. Additionally, no significant relationship was detected for changes of haematological parameters after administration of Nigella Sativa extract. Additionally, there was a significant relationship in AST and BUN after the administration of Nigella Sativa extract. Animals recovered from bovine theileriosis become carriers. The parasite persists in the blood of animals either with Nigella Sativa along with Buparvaquone in tropical theileriosis and with imidocarb dipropionate in oriental theileriosis.