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العنوان
Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization and Production Performance in Sheep Fed on Atriplex sp /
المؤلف
Ibrahim, Mabrouk Zaher Abd El-Galil.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / Mabrouk Zaher Abd El-Galil Ibrahim
مشرف / Adel Salah Khattab
مشرف / Amira Mohamed Shehata El-kredey
مشرف / Adel Mohamed Abd EL-Wahed Soliman
الموضوع
Animal Production.
تاريخ النشر
2020.
عدد الصفحات
77 p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
علم الحيوان والطب البيطري
تاريخ الإجازة
19/10/2020
مكان الإجازة
جامعة طنطا - كلية الزراعة - الانتاج الحيوانى
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

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Abstract

This study was carried out at the Maryout Research Station, (South Alexandria; longitude 29°47′ and 15°27′ E and latitudes 31°00′ and 18°37′ N) Desert Research Center, Egypt. The present study consisted of two experiments: 1st experiment: Ewes performance: Thirty pregnant multiparous Barki ewes with an initial body weight (BW) of 45.5 ± 0.98 kg, were blocked according to lambing date and BW into three experimental groups (ten ewes in each group), and housed in individual pens. Animals had free access to water. The trial lasted for 16 weeks, starting from the last month of pregnancy to weaning. The treatment diets were (control) basal diet with no supplementation, (Yeast) basal diet with inclusion of 2 g of commercial yeast/ewe/d [each 1 gm contained 2×1010 CFU Saccharomyces cerevisiae] and (Probiotic) basal diet with inclusion of 2 g of probiotic/ewe/d [Bacillus subtilis (1.0x1011 CFU) and Lactobacillus casei (1.0x1010 CFU)]. The experimental diet was formulated to meet their nutrient requirements according to NRC (2007) recommendations. Ewes were weighed biweekly prior to morning feeding to calculate the changes of body weight. Animals milked biweekly for 3 months from parturition by hand milking, the milk yield and milk composition were recorded. Individual feed intake recorded daily and averaged weekly throw the trial period. At the end of the experimental period, rumen liquor was sampled at 4h. post feeding by stomach tube to determined rumen fermentation parameters. Also, at the same day, blood samples were collected from jugular vein from each ewe before feeding for determinate of blood metabolites. 52 Summary and conclusio n The results could be summarized as follows: 1- There was no significant differences on initial BW, BW at lambing, BW at weaning and BW changes for ewes. 2- However, no effect was found on birth weight of lambs compared to control, the weaning weight supplemented with bacteria was higher (P < 0.05) compared to control. 3- Average daily gain (g/d) of lambs supplemented with bacteria was higher (P < 0.05) compared to the yeast and control groups. The values were 147.3, 157.7 and 173.0 g/d for control, yeast and bacteria groups, respectively. 4- 20.0% of the lambs in the control group had diarrhea, whereas lambs from ewes supplemented with either yeast and bacteria had no incidence of diarrhea during the suckling period. 5- Diets supplemented with yeast or bacteria showed higher (P < 0.05) dry mater intake (DMI) of the diet compared to the control diet. 6- There were no significant differences in milk yield among the experimental treatments. 7- Fat, protein, ash, lactose and total solids percentages were not affected by probiotics supplementation. Also, diet efficiency expressed as milk, g/ DMI, g was not influenced by probiotics supplementation. 8- Ruminal pH were similar across the treatments being values 6.29, 6.26 and 6.25 for control, yeast and bacteria, respectively. 9- Supplemented diets was higher (P < 0.05) on ruminal ammonia compared to the control diet. The values were 7.53, 12.27 and 13.47 mg/dl rumen liquor for control, yeast and bacteria groups, respectively. 10- Total VFA concentrations were not affected by probiotics supplementation being values 104, 113 and 112 mM /dl for control, yeast and bacteria, respectively. 53 Summary and conclusio n 11- The concentration of serum total protein, albumin, globulin creatinine and glucose were not affected by the experimental treatments. 12- Serum urea concentrations was higher (P < 0.05) in ewes fed supplemented diets compared to the control group with values 61.83, 68.40 and 70.41 for control, yeast and bacteria, respectively. 13- Serum total lipid and triglycerides values were Lower (P < 0.05 for ewes fed diet supplemented with bacteria compared to the control diet. However, it was comparable with ewes supplemented with yeast. 2nd Experiment: Lambs performance: Fifteen male Barki lambs an initial BW of 18 ± 5 kg and 4-5 months were used in a completely randomized design for a 120-day feeding period to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementing on Lambs growth performance. Lambs were housed in individual pens (1.5 m×1.5 m) with free access to water. Animals were housed in individual pens and had free access to water. The treatment diets were (control) basal diet with no supplementation, (Yeast) basal diet with inclusion of 2 g of commercial yeast/lamb/d (each 1 gm contained 2×1010 CFU Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and (Probiotic) basal diet with inclusion of 2 g of probiotic/lamb/d [Bacillus subtilis (1.0x10 11 CFU/kg) and Lactobacillus casei (1.0x10 10 CFU/kg)]. The experimental diet was formulated to meet their nutrient requirements according to NRC (2007) recommendations. Lambs were weighed biweekly prior to morning feeding. Individual feed intake was recorded daily and averaged weekly throw the trial period. At the end of feeding experiment, the digestibility trail lambs were kept in metabolism cages for 8 days (3 days as a preliminary period and 5 days for collection period) to determine nutrients digestibility. Rumen liquor was sampled at 4h. post feeding by stomach tube to determined rumen fermentation parameters. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein 54 Summary and conclusio n before feeding to determinate blood metabolites. At the last day of the experiment, all lambs were slaughtered after 18 h. fasting period to evaluated carcass characteristics. The results could be summarized as follows: 1- The probiotic supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the final BW (kg) and weight gain (kg) compared to the control treatment. The corresponding values were 46.68 and 28.35, 51.60 and 32.75, 50.43 and 31.70 for control, yeast and bacteria groups, respectively. Also, the average daily gain (g/d) was higher (P < 0.05) for both two of the supplemented groups comparing with control, being values 188.9, 218.4 and 211.3 for control, yeast and bacteria, respectively. 2- Higher (P < 0.05) values of feed conversion ratio (kg DMI/ kg gain) were recorded for control than the other treatments, and their values were 6.40, 5.80 and 5.71, for control, yeast and bacteria, respectively. 3- Intake DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were similar among treatments. The addition of bacteria enhanced (P<0.05) the digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and ADF than the yeast and control. No effect on crude protein digestibility was showed among. 4- PH was higher (P < 0.05) in bacteria than control diet. The mean ruminal pH values were 5.89, 6.06 and 6.24 for control, yeast and bacteria, respectively. 5- Ruminal NH3-N concentration (mg/100 ml) in supplemented treatments was higher (P < 0.05) compared to control with Values 9.97, 12.28 and 12.32, for control, yeast and bacteria, respectively. 6- NO significant differences was found in total VFA concentrations (mM/dl) between the treatments with values 72.9, 71.8 and 77.7 mM, for control, yeast and bacteria, respectively. 55 Summary and conclusio n 7- No significant differences between treatments in the concentrations of total protein, glucose, albumin, globulin, creatinine, glucose, urea, total lipids and triglyceride. 8- No significant differences were observed between treatments in hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, empty and full alimentary tract, gut content, abdominal fat. Moreover, organ and offals weights of head, feet, mesentery weights, pelt, lungs and trachea, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and testes. 9- The slaughter BW (kg) value was lower (P < 0.05) in Lambs fed control compared to Lambs fed supplemented diets. 10- Kidneys fat (%) was lower (P < 0.05) in lambs fed diet supplemented with bacteria compared to other treatments. Higher (P<0.05) Tail fat (%) recorded for lambs fed control diet (3.97 %) than lambs fed diets supplemented probiotics. 11- No differences was observed between treatments in the 9-10-11 rib cut physical components. 12- Lambs fed diet supplemented with bacteria supplemented diet had lower (P < 0.05) fat percentage of the eye muscle compared to the other treatments, while no significant was found between treatments in the chemical composition eye muscle, with the exception of fat while.