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العنوان
Vitamin D and other risk factors of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized infants /
المؤلف
Moustafa,Samah Ahmed.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / Samah Ahmed Moustafa
مشرف / Safaa Shafik Imam
مشرف / Hanaa Ahmed Amer
مشرف / Abeer Salah El Din El sakka
تاريخ النشر
2013
عدد الصفحات
174p.;
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
ماجستير
التخصص
طب الأطفال ، الفترة المحيطة بالولادة وصحة الطفل
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2013
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الطب - طب أطفال
الفهرس
Only 14 pages are availabe for public view

from 174

from 174

Abstract

Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) are infections below the level of the larynx and it is taken to include: Bronchiolitis, Bronchitis, Pneumonia Laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis (croup). Bronchiolitis and pneumonia are the most common ALRIs and the most common causes of hospitalization (Mullins et al., 2009). ALRTIs in children less than five years old are the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the world and represent almost 60% of infant infectious disease hospitalizations. In developing countries Incidence of clinical ALRTIs in children under five years of age is 0.29 episodes per child-year (e/cy). This equates to an annual incidence of 150.7 million new cases, 11-20 million of which are enough to require hospital admission (Peiris et al., 2009). WHO estimated that the annual number of ALRTIs related deaths in children less than five years old was 2.1 million accounting for about 20% of all childhood deaths (Bont et al., 2009). It was reported that12% of infants admitted for pneumonia in developing countries died before discharge. In addition to low socio-economic status, low birth weight almost all clinical cases of ALRTIs in temperate climate occur between November and March months that are also associated with vitamin D deficiency and anemia, also low level of both vitamin D and hemoglobin have been associated with an increased incidence of pneumonia and lower respiratory tract disease requiring hospitalization (Mansbach et al., 2008).
The main source of vitamin D is de novo synthesis in the skin. Although vitamin D is obtained by food, dietary intake alone is often insufficient, and supplying only 20% of the body’s requirements (Wayse et al., 2004).
The best indicator of vitamin D status is the concentration of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Nakamura et al., 2009). Recent discoveries indicate that vitamin D has functions unrelated to calcium, specifically in cell differentiation and in the immune system (Carroll et al., 2009).
ALRTIs associated with anemia affecting approximately 30% of children all over the world .
Iron deficiency anemia in children occurs most frequently between the age of 6 months and 3 years, the same period of age when repeated infections occur (Bont et al., 2009).
Whatever the etiology of anemia, the relation between low hemoglobin level and ALRTIs has not been fully evaluated, and only few reports are available evaluating this subject (Carroll et al., 2009).
Considering the urgent need to determine the risk factors associated with ALRTIs, this study will be hold on.