الفهرس 
Introduction and Literature Survey
Cavalieri and StereologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Stereological studies are more and more frequent in
literature, particularly in the development, evolution,
pathology, and neurosciences areas. The stereology challenge is
to understand the structural inner three-dimensional
arrangement based on the analysis of the structure slices only
showing two-dimensional information. Measures of irregular
shape volume, can be used to make quantitative statements
regarding function that are useful in comparative and
experimental studies of tissues and organs. Because most
structures of interest to the biologist are three-dimensional (3D)
and opaque, structural features are best visualized on twodimensional
(2D) images or sections through the structure.
The most famous methods used to measure these sizes is
Cavalieri method who measured the three dimension (3D) solid
subject via the analysis of sections through the measured
volume beginning from a uniform random starting position
within the sectioning interval, a structure of interest is sectioned
with a series of parallel plane probes a constant distance apart.
Following this, an unbiased estimate of volume (V) is obtained
by summing the areas and multiplying by the slice thickness.
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Practically, Archimedes‘ principle is in measurement the
volume of an irregularly shaped object. This can be done by the
measure the weight of the fluid that displaced from buoyancy
of an object immersed in a fluid.
The Archimedes volumes measurement of interest irregular
subjects measure that used in this thesis was 807.63 cm3. This
subject volume was estimated by application Cavalieri method
after it scanned by MRI image as it was explained in method in
this thesis, then the coefficient of error García 2003 of
measurement among sections was estimated.
This volume was estimated by Easy-Measure software
by using point counting the total volume for this interest shape
subjects was 752072.4 mm3 while the coefficient of error is
about 0.76089 the Absolute Error Score from these measures
was investigated and this was equal: 55.56 cm3.
The total number of the pixels in the image in all sections
of the same irregular object were scanned previously by MRI
scanning is founded by MATLAB simulation technique. In
particularly the volume was found by conversion between the
units was found from pixel size to ml. Total volume for this
interest volume in this method was 762720 mm3 while volume
in Cavalieri method was 752 072.4 mm3).
The second phase of this study is to measure
Measurement irregular size is an important topic in Stereology human brain volume by Stereology to investigate the
quantitative volumetric magnetic resonance imaging techniques
to explore the neuro-anatomic correlates of chronic, combat
stress disorder in 30 young undergraduate Palestinian subjects
whom suffering from continuous strong stress in their life spam
as a result from Israeli occupation and compare their brain
volumes with 30 young undergraduate British people whom
doesn’t suffering from any difficulty during their life.
The t-test was conducted to check the differences in the
volume of the hippocampus. There was a significant mean
effect of the hippocampus volume (p=0.02) and right
hippocampus volume (p=0.003), indicating that the mean
volume of the hippocampus the British male group is
significantly larger than the hippocampus volume in the second
Palestinian male group this show that the prolonged stresses
cause morphological changes in the size of the hippocampus
with significant clinical effects. The effect of laterality
(different between right and left hippocampus volume) was not
significant (p=0.589) for British group; and (P=0.788) for
Palestinian group subject. There were no statistically significant
group differences in medial temporal lobe and hemispheric
brain volume.