الفهرس 
Definition of Pleural EffusionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common but
serious condition that is related with poor quality of life,
morbidity and mortality. Its incidence and associated
healthcare costs are rising and its management remains
palliative, with median survival ranging from 3 to 12 months.
During the last decade there has been significant progress in
unravelling the pathophysiology of MPE, as well as its
diagnostics, imaging, and management.
Thirty three patients with malignant pleural effusion
were included in this study to evaluate the efficacy and
possible complications of ethanolamine oleate as a sclerosing
substance that can be used in pleurodesis for malignant
pleural effusion through ultrasound guided pigtail. This agent
has been used extensively as a sclerosing agent for the
sclerotherapy for esophageal varices and varicose veins in
the legs . Since it has been diluted with both saline and
glucose in these applications , Sclerosing therapy has been
used for the treatment of esophageal varices and varicose leg
veins since 1939.There were 9 (27.3%) males and 24 (72.7%) females
,there ages ranged from 28-78 years with a mean of 52.64 ±
10.46 years . They were diagnosed by cytological and/or
hitopathological examinations.
Pigtail catheter insertion was done to allow slow
drainage of the effusion. Intrapleural injection of
ethanolamine oleate was done after the chest x-ray showed
complete lung expansion. Follow up of the patients was done
by chest x-ray and chest ultrasonography. The efficacy and
safety were assessed during the follow up of these patients.
No complications were met in 14 cases (42.4%). In the
other 19 patients ,7 patients (21.2%) developed fever (37.5-
38º C) after the injection of ethanolamine oleate, and
responded within one day to antipyretics,11 patients (33.3%)
developed mild chest pain which responded to simple
analgesics, 8 patients (24.2 %) developed nausea , 4 patients
(12.1%) developed vomiting and 2 patients (6.1%) developed
hypotension which responded to saline infusion.
27 patients (81.8 %) showed complete response ,3
patients (9.1%) showed partial response and 3 patients
(9.1%) showed no response.It is concluded from this study that etanolamine oleate
is an inexpensive, safe, effective ,available and reliable
sclerosing agent with minimal adverse effects. Also, pigtail
catheter insertion is usually safe with little chance for
complications.