الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Despite recent advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and burn wound management, infection continues to be an important problem in the treatment of burns. Honey is the most famous rediscovered remedy that was used to promote wound and burn healing also to treat infected wounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of honey on infected burn wounds; its antimicrobial effect on isolated organisms compared to commonly used antibiotics, and also its topical therapeutic effect on infected burn injuries. Thirty eight patients with burn infection were selected for this study. The collected specimens were cultured on blood agar plates. The isolated colonies were identified by different methods. The isolated organisms were inoculated onto Muller-Hinton agar in 18cm diameter petri dishes after adjusting the inoculum. Each agar plate was divided by a marker pen into two halves, on one half the antibiotic discs were plated and on the other one, each antibiotic disc immersed in pure citrus honey were plated opposite to same antibiotic disc. Also, isolated organisms were inoculated onto Muller-Hinton agar in 9cm diameter petri dishes to detect the sensitivity to different honey dilutions (70%, 50% & 30%) was compared to pure honey. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated organism representing 16(53.3%) of isolates followed by coagulase + ve Staphylococci 9(30 %) then Enterobacter species 3(10%) and Klebsiella 2(6.7%). The mean inhibition zones (in mm) produced by honey alone, tested antibiotic discs alone and antibiotic discs mixed with honey when applied to isolated Gram-negative bacteria where honey alone (18.2 + 2.5) was significantly more effective compared to amoxicillin/clavulinic acid, sulbactam/ampicillin and ceftriaxone alone (P1= 0.005 for each). When honey was added to antibiotic discs there was highly significant increased sensitivity of isolated Gram-negative bacteria. The inhibition zones of antibiotic discs mixed with honey highly significantly increased compared to inhibition zones of antibiotic discs. In vitro study for susceptibility of isolated Staphylococci revealed the synergistic effect of added honey to tested antibiotic discs. The antimicrobial effect of honey alone (18.7 + 2.2) was significantly more effective than antibiotic alone; ciprofloxacin, sulbactam/ampicillin, ceftriaxone and vancomycin (P1 = 0.025, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.05 respectively). In our study, after addition of honey to tested antibiotic discs there were highly significant increased inhibition zones of antibiotic mixed with honey compared to antibiotic alone; ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and methicillin (P3 ? 0.001 for each). Also, the increase was significant compared to antibiotics alone; imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulinic acid, and ceftriaxone (P3 = 0.025, 0.025, 0.005 and 0.005 respectively). The antimicrobial effect of diluted honey 70% was more or less similar to pure honey [100%], while it decreased at dilutions [50% & 30%]. In vivo study revealed that The healing process begin earlier with honey than silver sulphadiazine. In conclusion: There was synergistic effect of honey when added to antibiotics for Gram negative bacteria and also for coagulase positive Staphylococci.