الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fractures of the distal radius continue to be one of the most common injuries treated by orthopedic surgeon, accounts for about one six of all fractures seen and treated in the emergency room. Reducing a Colles fracture is not a problem, but maintaining the reduction certainly is. Various types of casts and positions have been recommended, but none have been uniformly accepted. The maximally flexed and ulnar-deviated position of the wrist impairs function of the hand and increases pressure in the carpal tunnel, and should be avoided. Neuropathies, ischemic complications, and stiffness are most often related to the type and position of cast immobilization. Percutaneous pinning techniques are an attempt to bridge the therapeutic gap between the external fixators (or pins and plaster treatment) and pure casting alone. Although there is no doubt that external fixators have a role in the treatment of some highly displaced distal radial fractures, many unstable distal radial fractures may be treated adequately with far less complicated percutaneous pinning techniques. This study included twenty two patients (nine males and thirteen females) with fracture of the distal end of the radius. Their age ranged from 23 to 77 years with average 42.2 years. The dominant hand was affected in thirteen patients. All patients were treated by Kapandaji intrafocal pinning, the follow up ranged from sex month to eighteen month. While the results were further classified according to the type of fracture into extraarticular (16 patients) and intraarticular (6 patients), and according to the age of the patients into group older than 50 years and another group with younger age. All patients are evaluated according to scoring system of (Sarmiento’s modification of the criteria outlined by Gartland and Werely 1975) for clinical evaluation and, the radiological evaluation is done according to Sarminto and Latt’s modification of Lidstorm classification (1981). The overall clinical results were excellent in 10 patients 45.5%, good in 9 patients 40.9% and, fair in 3 patients 13.6% with no poor results, while the radiological results were excellent in 11 patients 50%, good in 8 patients 36.4% and, fair in 3 patients 13.6% with no poor results. The main complication were tendon irritation, suddek’s atrophy, pin tract infection and, injury of the superficial sensory radial nerve.