الفهرس 
AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Our study was carried at the endocrine unit. Mansoura University Hospital aimed to investigate efficacy. kinetics reproducibility of transnasal insulin was studied in healthy controls. Type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The Result of This Study Showed That: 1- Intranasally administered insulin. Gives a definite observed hypoglycaemic response in all subjects studied whether diabetics or non diabetics, which denote that insulin can traverse the nasal mucosa into the systemic blood. 2- An adjuvant (surface active agent-surfactant) combined with insulin is required for the observed metabolic effect. Since when insulin alone was administered intranasally. we could not obtain lowered plasma glucose concentrations. 3- This study demonstrates when insulin is administered in an aerosol with 4% sodium glycocholate. It traverses the nasal mucosa and rapidly passes into the circulation as it result in significant decrease of plasma glucose level after 30. 60. 90. 120. 180 minutes.