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العنوان
The Inscriptions on Islamic Women’s Buildings in Cairo till the End of the Ottoman period /
المؤلف
Ahmed, Fatma Ahmed Mohamed.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / فاطمة احمد محمد احمد
مشرف / أمال أحمد العمرى
مشرف / محمد علي حامد بيومى مدكور
الموضوع
Islamic architecture. Architectural inscriptions. Islamic architecture - Egypt - Cairo. Islamic decoration and ornament.
تاريخ النشر
2024.
عدد الصفحات
376 p. :
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
الدكتوراه
التخصص
السياحة والترفيه وإدارة الضيافة
تاريخ الإجازة
14/2/2024
مكان الإجازة
جامعة المنيا - كلية السياحة والفنادق - قسم الإرشاد السياحي
الفهرس
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Abstract

This study described the written inscriptions contained in the women’s architecture in Cairo from the Fatimid era until the end of the Ottoman era and touching the fragrance of history in one of the most important areas of Cairo Fatimid, which tells the history of Egypt from the time of the Fatimid State until now. One of them was predominantly at times and the other returned to triumph at other times, with an overview of the professors of this field, who are beholden to them to perfection in the use of this Calligraphy and a reference to the various Calligraphyar schools that played an important role in the development of the Calligraphy and inter alia the developments on the Calligraphy until it reached its maximum at the Turkish school.
All archaeological writings have also been accounted for and described as archaeological descriptions of women’s monuments and architecture in Cairo of the content, form, Calligraphy, duration, method of implementation, Calligraphy execution and other information from these paintings.
Then the analysis of the texts contained in the written paintings of the women’s architecture was examined by studying each of the elements of the past separately and trying to take advantage of the texts contained in those paintings through which to conceptualize the form of political, economic and social life in the age of construction, as well as to see some information that may be useful in resolving some of the positions of ambiguity or disagreement about one of one of the monuments, as, as well as well as well as to the creators and monuments. And the titles that appeared in the texts of the writings, which showed the diversity and evolution of titles in periods of strength and weakness and the difference between titles over the ages and the creation of some titles in other ages, and this is reflected in the texts of the renewal of the trace, At the end of the study, the importance of women’s role in society was addressed from the Fatimid era to the end of the Ottoman era through the written inscriptions contained in the thesis
The study also concluded with the most important findings of that study and developed some suggestions and recommendations through which the benefit of Islamic monuments in general can be achieved. A proof of the names of sources, references, scientific letters and the writings of orientalists that helped in the preparation and completion of that study, as well as an album with photographs of some writings that raised the two regions - from the work of the researcher - to help those wishing to see some models of the writings of these monuments when they are unable to visit the traces of these places.
The main results of the research were as follows:-
1- publicize the importance of architecture, the monuments of women and the Islamic monuments in Cairo, especially for those who do not specialize in the field of antiquities, and to indicate the stages of the evolution of the two regions archaeologically and politically over the various times that have passed, as well as the importance of archaeological writings in the field of tourist guidance and archaeological studies.
2. Inventory, statistical and recording of the writings of Islamic monuments in the women’s architecture. This includes an archaeological description of these writings through which the content, plan and location of each text can be viewed with effect, the form, material and method of implementation of the painting, as well as the name of its plans, if any, or the technical school to which it belongs.
3- Depart from the curriculum for the distribution of written texts in the Islamic Umrah in the women’s architecture through the analytical study of the contents of those texts, which is to say that it was a sincere translation of Islamic thought and a clear echo of the Islamic faith entrenched in the same Muslim faith, which had clear repercussions on the artistic visions of the Muslim artist in general.
4- Publish some texts for the first time that have not been discussed before.
5 - Correction of research for some written texts previously read by some orientalists or researchers.
6- Collect all the writings of women’s architecture in one study as it is difficult to track those writings in various writings of orientalists, master’s letters, doctorates and other references that facilitate the handling of such writings.
7- Reference to the confusion and frequency prevailing in most arts and monuments references generally during the processing of archaeological writings in Islamic circles after their Korean phase, where most of these references and studies see the use of the term copies, but the correct term is the obvious third.
8- To find the variety of Calligraphys used to record the writings of the women’s architecture, containing writings in the Korean Calligraphy, the evident third and the clear commentary.
9. The study noted the diversity of places on which writings were carried out on the Fatimid, Yobe, Maritime, Circassian and Ottoman buildings such as facades, doors, minarets, inside installations on contracts, windows, corners, and on the contracts of seafarers, domes’ necks, indoors, wooden bonds and others.
10- The study showed the diversity of the functions of writing on women’s architecture between constituent texts, renovation texts, Koranic texts and propaganda texts.
11- The study noted the diversity of raw materials bearing these writings between plaster, marble, silver or wood planks, which are different in nature from each other.
12-The study noted the importance of the content of archaeological writings by providing us with a picture of the economic and political situation in the various eras of construction.
13- The study showed the methods of implementing the writings in the texts of the Minister’s door and the arms market from overcrowded, prominent and third vicious inscriptions other than the use of paint in recording the writings.
14. The study also emphasized the spread of history in the system of calculating sentences since the Ottoman era, where we find some monuments of the Ottoman era and all the monuments of the Muhammad family to contain history in the system of calculating sentences, as well as the effects of earlier ages by which restoration work was carried out from subsequent times and the registration of the date of renewal in the system of calculating sentences.
15-The study demonstrated the importance of archaeological literature in the field of tourism guidance and its role in helping the guide to learn about some historical facts about the impact.
16- The rule of the Mamluk maritime state lasted for more than a century Sultans of this State have rightly demonstrated their ability to run the country, and the dimensions of the dangers they have created. Peace and security throughout their country, and thus reflected on the boom in economic conditions. The Islamic Arab State, especially in the East of the Islamic world, was suffering from political instability. Cairo has become a focus of attention and a refuge in intellectual advancement.
17- The recovery of the economic conditions in the Egyptian country, particularly after the recovery of its trade routes as a result of the political turmoil in the Islamic world, has led to the accumulation of vast funds in the coffers of the Mamluk sultans from the revenues of internal and external trade and have employed them to undertake massive urban projects that are one of the most important features of their time.
18- Despite the lack of information on women’s activity in general in the Egyptian country, the information available to us reveals the political, intellectual and social role played by women of the Mamluk Sea Age, as they lead the country in the darkest conditions, stand alongside the Mamluk Sultans and provide them with advice.
19- Many women who have left their clear mark on the intellectual aspect of various sciences, especially religious ones, have also emerged.
20- Women in the Mamluk era also had their share in the construction of urban installations in the light of that era’s massive urban revolution.
21-The patterns of architecture that women contributed to the creation of took place in two basic patterns: religious and civic, and religious architecture accounted for the bulk of the interests of urban women.
22- Mosques and schools, as well as shrines, have occupied the bulk of women’s interests in religious architecture.
23- Civilian architecture has not been as important as religious architecture in women’s urban work, and we see it very little compared to the construction of civilian buildings of that time.
24-The woman was keen to ensure that her work continued even after the death of her originator. She was stopped by the huge stops that were sufficient to cover her various expenses. She appointed the officials responsible for monitoring and monitoring these stops.