الفهرس 
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Abstract
Androgenic alopecia, a prevalent condition causing hair loss, is observed in both males and females. The onset of androgenic alopecia typically manifests throughout adolescence, resulting in a gradual and patterned hair loss.
The role of genetics is significant in the etiopathogenesis of the condition, as there is observed diversity in gene expression between people. There are robust connections observed between autosomal recessive genes and the presence of strong association signals, as well as relationships observed in the X chromosome.
The prevailing hypothesis posits that androgenetic alopecia arises from the aberrant susceptibility of hair follicles on the scalp to circulating androgens, which can be attributed to an upsurge in the quantity of androgen receptors.
Minoxidil stands as the sole topical medical intervention that has been substantiated to exhibit efficacy in the management of Androgenic alopecia. Niosomes represent an innovative form of drug delivery system, sometimes referred to as a Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS). Controlled and targeted drug delivery has been achieved by utilizing diverse routes of administration, resulting in the reporting of numerous novel drug delivery systems (NDDS).
The primary objective of this study is to assess and compare the effectiveness of topical minoxidil gel combined with niosome in the treatment of androgenic alopecia, in comparison to the use of topical minoxidil gel alone.
The present investigation comprised a sample of 60 female patients diagnosed with alopecia. The participants were categorized into two distinct groups: group (A) consisted of 30 patients who received topical minoxidil together with noisome treatment, whereas group (B) comprised 30 patients who alone received topical minoxidil at the outpatient clinic of Minia University.
The socio-demographic data of group (A) is as follows: The age range of the patients in the study was 28 to 45 years, with a mean age of 34.7 ± 5 years. A notable proportion of patients, specifically 50%, exhibited a positive family history, while a somewhat higher percentage, namely 60%, were found to be married. Following the administration of therapy, there was a notable enhancement in Sinclair grading, as indicated by statistical analysis (P <0.001*).
Prior to therapy, a dermoscopic examination was conducted. The phenomenon of reduced hair density accompanied by the shrinkage of hair follicles is widely documented.
After a period of three months, there was seen a notable improvement in hair density, ranging from moderate to excellent, accompanied by an increase in the thickness of hair follicles.
The study observed a notable augmentation in hair shaft diameter subsequent to the administration of minoxidil combined with niosome gel (P <0.001*). The range of the percentage increase in hair shaft diameter was found to be between 79.3% and 112.8%, with a mean value of 95.4% and a standard deviation of 11.8%.
There was a lack of significant difference between the two groups in terms of Sinclair grading prior to treatment. However, group II exhibited a substantial increase in Sinclair grading following treatment compared to group I. In both groups, there was a significant decline in Sinclair grading after treatment.
The present study examines the socio-demographic statistics of group (B). The age range of the patients in the study varied from 21 to 48 years, with a mean age of 32.2 years and a standard deviation of 8.3 years. Seventy percent of cases exhibited a positive family background, whereas the remaining thirty percent were characterized by marital status. Following the administration of therapy, there was a notable enhancement in Sinclair grading, as indicated by statistical analysis (P < 0.001*).
Prior to initiating treatment, a dermoscopic examination was conducted. The phenomenon of reduced hair density accompanied by the shrinkage of hair follicles is widely recognized.
Following a period of three months, there was observed a slight to moderate augmentation in hair density, accompanied by an increase in the thickness of hair follicles.
A notable augmentation in hair shaft diameter was seen subsequent to exclusive minoxidil treatment (P <0.001*). The percentage increase in hair shaft diameter ranged from 37.5% to 101%, with a mean value of 69.8% ± 18.9%.
There was a lack of significant difference observed between the two groups in terms of Sinclair grading prior to treatment. However, it was found that group II exhibited a substantial rise in Sinclair grading following treatment when compared to group I. This trend was observed in both groups. The Sinclair grading system shown a notable decrease following the administration of therapy. group A exhibited a statistically significant improvement in Sinclair grading scores compared to group B (P = 0.091).
group A exhibited a statistically significant increase in hair shaft diameter following treatment, as compared to group B (P= 0.001).
There was a significant increase in hair follicle diameter in group A compared to group B, as indicated by the rise in percentage (P = 0.001).
In summary, the combined use of noisome and minoxidil gel demonstrates a notable and statistically significant improvement when compared to the use of minoxidil gel alone.
Conclusion
Studies have demonstrated that the utilization of combination therapies involving minoxidil alongside noisome exhibits superior efficacy in the treatment of Androgenic Alopecia, surpassing the outcomes achieved by the implementation of singular approaches.
Achieving positive treatment outcomes necessitates the implementation of maintenance medication and consistent follow-up care.
The field of nanotechnology has witnessed advancements that have led to the enhancement of drug delivery systems.
The utilization of nanotechnology has been found to enhance various aspects related to minoxidil, including its stability, skin pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles, penetration capabilities, development of skin depots, therapeutic adherence, and reduction in both minoxidil toxicity and treatment resistance.