الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Orthodontic treatment is most effective when the facial and cephalometric
distinctiveness of the particular patient’s ethnic background are taken into
consideration. An ever-increasing number of individuals are seeking orthodontic
treatment, mostly to enhance facial aesthetics for attractive facial and smile
features. Achieving a suitable and functional occlusion combined with an
esthetically pleasing facial appearance which is more challenging to the
orthodontist and desires of patients’ esthetic self-perception.
This study aimed to assess and determine the sagittal lip positions of the
normal faces in a Bahraini sub population from various unidentified lateral
cephalograms.
One hundred and seven unidentified lateral cephalographs of good quality
selected from the archive of medical centers, Kingdom of Bahrain, with the teeth
in occlusion and lips in a relaxed position. Eight measurements; four angular,
three linear, and one ratio-related; were made on each cephalometric image. The
landmarks were located according to the definitions of Legan–Burstone.
• Angles for evaluation of the subject`s skeletal type:
- SNA
- SNB
- ANB
• Measurements for evaluation of the subject`s lip position and form:
- Nasolabial angle (Cm-Sn-Ls).
- Upper lip protrusion (Ls to Sn-Pog’).
- Lower-lip protrusion (Li to Sn-Pog’).
- Mentolabial sulcus depth (Si to Li-Pog’).
- Vertical lip–chin ratio (Sn-Stms/Stmi-Me’)
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Summary
In Bahraini population, the results show significant protrusive in the upper
and lower lips (males and females) according to Burstone’s B line.
• Comparison of lip position between Bahraini adults and Saudi population
norms:
A little increase in the Nasolabial angle in Bahraini population, while the
upper and lower lip protrusions and mentolabial sulcus depth are higher in Saudi
than Bahraini. The vertical lip-chin relation is almost the same for both
populations.
• Comparison of lip position between Bahraini adults and Egyptian population
norms:
There is increase in the Nasolabial angle in Bahraini than Egyptian, while
the upper and lower lip protrusion, mentolabial sulcus depth are increased more
in Egyptian than Bahraini. The vertical lip-chin relation is almost the same for
both populations.