الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The alveolar cleft is a bone deformity that affects 75% of patients with cleft lip and palate. Repair of the alveolar cleft is required for both function and aesthetics, especially in patients with syndromic genetic abnormalities. Although secondary repair is widely recognised for these individuals, there is still debate about the surgical approach and grafting material employed. A primary alveolar cleft repair usually takes place at an early age of life. The grafting procedures are usually taken around the age of 9-12 years by dental development, most notably at the cleft side of permanent canine. Autologous iliac crest bone graft is still considered the gold standard for alveolar cleft reconstruction, as it possesses the triumvirate of ideal bone regeneration properties. Secondary to the drawbacks of autologous iliac crest bone graft as donor site morbidity, pain, and prolonged hospitalization have prompted the search for bone graft substitutes. Xenograft is a synthetic bone which is finding increasing application in dentistry due to its osteoconductive properties. It is a common bone graft biomaterial used in many other indications as in alveolar cleft, ridge or socket preservation, sinus augmentation, and periodontal bony defect. It is usually mixed with other bone graft materials as PRP, PRF, autogenous bone grafts and other bone substitutes to increase its osteoinductive and osteogenic properties.