الفهرس 
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Abstract
This case control study aimed to evaluate lipid profile in children with congenital heart diseases. 60 infants and children were inrolled in this study divided into two groups, first group composed of thirty healthy infants and children (control group), second group composed of another thirty infants and children having congenital heart disease. With age ranges between 2monthes and 4 years. The study was performed at Zagazig University Hospital from April 2017 to October 2017.
All patients in this study were subjected to:
(1) Full history taking.
(2) Full clinical examination.
(3) Radiological diagnosis
(4) Laboratory investigations:
• Complete blood picture.
• Lipid profile
The patient group of the study included
Ventricular septal defect 40%, Atrial septal defect 33%,patent ductus arteriosus 13%, Aortic stenosis 6%,Pulmonary stenosis 6%, common atrial Ventricular canal10%,Single ventricle 3%,tetralogy of fallot 6%,double outlet of right ventricle.3%,Trans position of great arteries 6%, Co archtation of aorta 3%.
Our results showed:
• There were no statistical significance differences between patient and control group in age and sex distribution but there were statistical significance differences between them in gestational age and residence with increased frequency of preterm among patient group.
• Patients with CHD from rural areas (70%) are more than patients from urban areas (30%).
• Patients who are preterm (56.6%) are more than patient who are full-term (43.4%).
• There were no statistical significance differences between patient and control group in weight, height & BMI.
• In patient group, congenital heart defects varied into 24 patient with acyanotic lesions (VSD , ASD ,PDA , AS , PS, common A.V canal, CO.A) and 4 with cyanotic lesions (Fallot tetralogy , DORV, Single ventricle ,TGA).
• the most frequent congenital anomaly among the patient group were VSD, ASD, & PDA 40%,33%,13% of total patient respectively
• Multiple heart defects are commoner than isolated defects ,that appeared in cases of VSD who were divided in to 66.7% with multiple defects, and 33.3% have isolated VSD defect .And cases of ASD ,divided into 70% with multiple defects ,and 30% have isolated ASD defect.
• there was no statistical significance between age and sex with serum lipid profile
• In comparison serum lipid profile of two groups, patient group with congenital heart defects and control group, there was no statistical significance between both groups.
• There were isolated lesion and multiple lesions of congenital heart defects .in studying correlation between these types and level of serum lipids, there was no statistical significance among different types.
• 6 cases had cyanotic heart disease (TOF,DORV, SINGLE VENTRICLE,TGA) , There is statistical difference between patients with cyanotic heart diseases and patients with acyanotic heart diseases in correlation to serum lipid level ,as total cholesterol ,triglycerides ,LDL are higher with acyanotic heart defects ,But HDL is higher with cyanotic heart defects.
• Study in comparison patients with cyanotic and acyanotic heart defects as regard clinical findings, there was statistically significant increase in patients with cyanotic heart defects as regard cyanosis, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and feeding difficulties ,and no statistical significance between both groups as regard cough ,fever and repeated chest infections.
• In comparison between patients with cyanotic and acyanotic heart defects in laboratory findings ,there was statistical significance between each other’s in SpO2,it was higher in acyanotic cardiac lesions,(p<0.05).But no difference in hemoglobin level and hematocrit (%).
• also in comparison patients with congenital heart defects and control infants and children in laboratory findings there were statistical significance differences between both groups in 3 parameters HB, hematocrit and SPa O2 (p<0.05). In control group these parameters are higher than patient group.
• We found statistical significance (positive correlation) between BMI and Cholesterol, TG, LDL & VLDL ….and significance negative correlation with HDL.
• There were statistical significance increase in cholesterol, TG, LDL & VLDL in artificial feeding child compared to breast and mixed feeding. Also there was statistical significance decrease in HDL in artificial feeding child compared to breast and mixed feeding