الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of ageing diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, has profoundly affected the lives of affected individuals and their families. To better understand these diseases and develop effective treatments, researchers have modelled organisms to simulate the disease and investigate potential cures.
Although mammalian models are similar to humans, insects are often preferred because of their shorter lifespans and fewer ethical constraints. The use of comparative genomics and sequence analysis to identify counterparts of human disease genes in insect model organisms has the potential to accelerate research and drug development for human diseases. The continual improvement of specialised protein databases coupled with refined computational tools has increased the accuracy and reliability of protein function prediction. By reviewing various studies and articles on insect modelling, this thesis discusses the use of insects as model organisms for studying neurodegenerative diseases with its potential benefits, the current state in protein function prediction, and its implications for accelerating research and drug development for human diseases.
Bioinformatics and other multi-omics are used as the foundation of current and future biotechnology to find new drugs or better alternatives for human disease models and to develop transgenic insects in applied insect science. In addition to the insects mentioned above, Monarch butterflies, Grasshoppers, House flies, Crickets, ants, American cockroaches, Wax moths, and Mosquitoes have been used in ageing research to investigate neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. The advent of new technologies for data sequencing and analysis. Insects have a promising future in the field of biotechnology, as they can provide valuable insights into rare diseases. This thesis aims to provide comprehensive information on the available insect genomic resources for biotechnologists, molecular biologists, entomologists, and physiologists to develop new methods for modelling diseases and health management and to find answers to complex biological questions. This study resulted in recommending some insects to study specific neurodegenerative diseases depending on similarity in protein sequences, protein functions, and the ability to imitate and represent diseased non synonymous SNPs; where Drosophila melanogaster then Anopheles gambiae for Alzheimer modelling, Aedes aegypti then Apis mellifera are the best models to simulate Parkinson disease, while Tribolium castaneum then Bombyx mori for Huntington simulting.
Also Bioinformatics enables us to predict the probability of finding specific missed genes related to fundamental roles in organism survival and in organism usage in the research field as neurodegenerative diseases. Their genomic sequences and protein sequences resulting from the translation of these genes can be confirmed computationally.