الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Spirulina platensis algae, is a well-known cyanobacterium, with a multicellular filamentous, spiral-shaped, photosynthetic organism that can thrive in freshwater, marshes, and ocean water. It has many pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and anticancer activities.
In the previous study, S. platensis was extracted using 90%MeOH and its fractions to study its anti-cancer and antioxidant properties as well as the structural makeup of the Methanolic extracts.
The extraction of S.platensis algae powder was carried out using 90% MeOH to get the crude extract and then fractionated using different organic solvents such as Pet- ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH respectively
The cytotoxic activity of S.platensis algae of the 90% MeOH ext. and its fractions was determined in vitro using liver cancer HepG-2, colon cancer Caco-2, and normal Vero cell lines. The results showed that, the 90% MeOH ext. from S. platensis algae can inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 and Caco-2 cells and exhibited more anticancer activity than other derived fractions, while did not significantly affect the propagation and morphology of Vero normal cells.
Moreover, controlling the medication’s release is one of the difficulties in developing an effective drug delivery system. To accomplish this, several multifunctional NPs with various triggers and associated chemistries have been created. A trigger-dependent drug delivery system is preferred to dispense medication with the most effective and long-lasting therapeutic impact.
To achieve a highly effective and long-lasting therapeutic impact of S.platensis against cancer cell lines a novel modified ionic gelation technique was used, this technique was based on encapsulation of the hydrophilic 90% MeOH ext. of S. platensis and its pet-ether fr. with a high drug encapsulation efficiency by Alginate and Chitosan to make it available at a slower drug release level.
In our study, the anti-cancer effect of 90%MeOH ext. NPs and pet-ether fr. NPs against HepG-2, Caco-2, and Vero cells at different concentrations exhibited that they have high cytotoxic activity than non-encapsulated fractions. While all the tested compounds did not affect the viability of normal Vero cells with IC50 > 500 µg/mL.
The cells were separated and total RNA was extracted. Using a set of primers and Syber green master mix and applying real-time PCR to the isolated RNA, the results obtained that the effect of encapsulation of the 90%MeOH ext. of S. platensis algae with CS /ALG polyelectrolyte NPs and its derived pet-ether fr. showed more downregulation and decreased in the relative expression of TNF-α and COX-2 and higher upregulation in the expression of caspase-3 enzyme.
Thus, the results revealed that the obtained S. platensis /CS-ALG NPs had a suitable size for use in therapeutic applications and could be useful for the treatment of liver and colon cancers.
On the other hand, the 90% MeOH ext. of S. platensis was chemically profiled using GC-MS analysis, which led to identify 57compounds represent 96.68% of the total components of 90% MeOH ext. these compounds were classified into 57 bioactive compounds identified as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, amides, alcohols, terpenes, amines, organic acids, and polysaccharide compounds which represent 96.63% of total chemical constituents.
In Conclusion, The present study on the 90%MeOH ext. of S.platensis and its derived fractions reveals the importance of S. platensis algae as anti-cancer, and demonstrates its vital phytochemicals, the 90%MeOH ext. of S.platensis and its derived fractions were estimated for their therapeutic activity, 90%MeOH ext. and pet-ether fr. of S.platensis were the most active as anti-cancer for liver and colon cancers cell lines and significantly safe on normal cells. Encapsulation of 90%MeOH ext. and pet-ether fr.by Chitosan-Alginate NPs enhances and increases the anti-cancer effect, and the results assumed the potential therapeutic activity and put the basis for further studies on its bioactive compounds and its application in pharmaceutical purposes.