الفهرس 
The external organs of female reproductive system.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The gynecological examination is a routinely performed practice to protect sexual and reproductive health. The first gynecological examination is seen as “taking a step into the world of women” and how much women are affected by the first gynecological examination and most women begin
sexual and family life after marriage and thus most women are susceptible to various gynecological and reproductive health problems immediately after marriage.
Gynecological examination is very important for early diagnosis of gynecological problem. However, some social and psychological factors can positively or negatively affect women’s approach to this examination. Inadequate knowledge of sexuality, fear, shame, sexual repression or being shy about asking questions are among the factors that affect women attitudes negatively.
The aim of the current study was to assess knowledge, attitude and reaction for newly married women’s toward first gynecological examination. Study design a descriptive design has been utilized to fulfill the aim of the study. Setting, the study was conducted at the gynecological clinic at Banha university hospital. The sample a purposive sample of 327 newly married women who attended for the first time.
Tools for data collection:
Four main tools were used for data collection.
Tool I: A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet
This tool was constructed by researcher after reviewing a related literature and included four parts: -
Part (a):- Assessment of sociodemographic charactertics of the studied women included (age, educational level, occupation, residence, age at marriage and duration of marriage).
Part(b):- Assessment current gynecological complaints included (itching or redness, inflammation, infections, abnormal vaginal discharge, have irregular menstruation, vaginal bleeding associated with the menstrual cycle, continuous vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse and bleeding after intercourse).
Part(c):- Assessment of women’s knowledge concerning gynecological examination consisted of 7 items (definition of examination, indications of the examination, preparation for examination, parts of examination, equipment that are used for the first gynecological examination, procedures perform on the day of examination and complications) As well as source of information of studied women about first gynecological examination.
Part(d):- Barriers that face women during gynecological examination consisted of 8 items (no keeping privacy, presence of male gynecologist, long waiting time before examination, no explanation or guidance before examination, transportation, the presence of chaperone, feeling ashamed of examination and feeling stressed about the examination and anxious about screening).
Tool II: - Likert scale for newly married women’s attitude toward first gynecological examination
This tool was constructed by researcher after reviewing a related literature to assess newly married women attitude toward the first gynecological examination and consisted of 12 items.
Tool III: - The emotional stress reaction questionnaire sheet
This tool was modified by the researcher to assess women’s reaction during first gynecological examination. The tool included words describing 5 different reactions (irritable, afraid, co-operative, frustrated and tense).
Tool IV: - Visual Analogue Scale
This tool was developed to assess level of pain, was horizontal line, 10 mm in length, anchored by word descriptors at each end. The researcher asked the women to place а line perpendicular at the point that best indicated pain at the present time.
The current study revealed the following results
- More than three quarters of the studied women had inadequate knowledge about first gynecological examination.
- More than two thirds of the studied women had negative attitude about first gynecological examination.
- The higher mean of total reaction score was irritability and the lower mean of total reaction score was cooperative.
- Less than half of the women were complaining moderate pain during gynecological examination.
- The main barriers self reported by the women difficulty in transportation and feeling ashamed of examination. Presence of male gynecologist. Absences of pre and post list gynecological instruction.
- There was a highly statistically significant relation between studied women’s knowledge and educational level and occupation (P < 0.001).
- There was a statistically significant relation between studied women’s attitude and educational level, occupation and residence (P < 0.05).
- There was a positive significant correlation between total knowledge and total attitude scores of the studied women regarding gynecological examination (P ≤ 0.001).
Based on the findings of present study it was concluded that
More than three quarters and two thirds of the studied women had inadequate knowledge and negative attitude regarding gynecological examination respectively. The higher mean of total reaction score was irritability while the lower mean of total reaction score was cooperative. Also less than half of studied women were complaining moderate pain during gynecological examination. The main barriers for doing gynecological examination were difficulty in transportation, feeling ashamed of examination, presence of male gynecologist, no explanation before examination, presence of chaperone and waiting for long time. So, the aim of the study was achieved and study questions were answered.
In the light of the present study findings the following recommendations were suggested:
- Improving knowledge and attitude about the gynecological examination through disseminating booklet and posters among newly married women.
- An educational program for newly married should be carried out to acquaint the women with the essential knowledge and practice regarding gynecological examination.
Further studies need to be performed:
- Reapplication the same study on large sample of women in different settings.
- All health care providers should be attended training program to communicate and interactive positively with women who attending to gynecological examination for first time.