الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted during 2020 and 2021 seasons in a private date palm orchard situated at Siwa Oasis, Matruh Governorate, Egypt. On thirty 24- years old offshoots Ferehy date palms. They planted at 7.0 x 7.0 m meters apart (86.0 palms per fed.) the selected palms were irrigated with well water through surface irrigation system. The texture of the soil sandy loam.
All the selected Ferehy date palm cvs. were subjected to the common horticultural practices that already spraying in the orchard except those dealing with the antioxidant glutathione and royal Jelly applications.
The objective of the study was exmaining the effect of spraying glutathione and Royal Jelly one some vegetative growth aspects . leaves chemical composition, yield as well as some physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits of Ferehy date palms.
This experiment included the following ten Royal Jelly and glutathione treatments:
T1- Control ( sprayed with water).
T2- Spraying the palms with Royal Jelly at 100 ppm.
T3- Spraying the palms with Glutathione at 250 ppm.
T4- Spraying the palms with Royal Jelly at 100 ppm and Glutathione at 250 ppm.
T5- Spraying the palms with Royal Jelly at 200 ppm.
T6- Spraying the palms with Glutathione at 500 ppm.
T7- Spraying the palms with Royal Jelly at 200 ppm and Glutathione at 500 ppm.
T8- Spraying the palms with Royal Jelly at 400 ppm.
T9- Spraying the palms with Glutathione at 1000 ppm.
T10- Spraying the palms with Royal Jelly at 400 ppm and Glutathione at 1000 ppm.
Each treatment was consisted three times replicates, one per each. Therefore thirty uniform in vigour Ferehy date palms were selected for carrying out this study. Spraying of Royal Jelly and glutathione was conducted three times during 220 and 2021 seasons, after hand pollination (middle of April) , just after fruit setting (middle of May) and two months later (middle of July).
Randomized complete bock design was followed in which this treatment included ten treatments from combined and single applications of Royal Jelly and glutathione.
During both seasons, the following measurements were recorded:
1-Vegetatiev growth aspects:-
Length (cm), width (cm) and area of leaflet (cm)2 length (m) and area (m)2 of leaf and spine length (cm)
2-leaf pigments namely chlorophylls a , b , total chlorophylls and total carotenoids (mg g/ F.W.) total carbohydrates % as well as N, P and K ( as %) and Zn , Fe and Mn ( as ppm) in the leaves.
3-Flowering characteristics and yield:
Length of spathe, number of strands/ spathe and percentages of initial fruit setting as well as yield (kg.) per palm and bunch weight (kg.)
4-Fruit quality parameters;
Weight (g.) , diameter (cm) and height (cm) of fruit, percentages of seeds and flesh, edible to non –edible portions and percentages of TSS , total, reducing and non- reducing sugars%, total acidity % and total crude fiber % in the fruits.
The nearly same obtained data during 2020 and 2021 seasons could be summarized under the following main items:
1-Some vegetative growth characteristics:
Some vegetative growth characteristics namely length , width and area of leaflet, length and area of leaf and spine length were considerably stimulated in response Ferehy date palms to single and combined applications of Royal Jelly at 100 to 400 ppm and glutathione at 250 to 1000 ppm relative to the control. Using glutathione was considerably superior to using Royal Jelly in stimulating these some growth aspects. Using Royal Jelly at 400 ppm plus glutathione at 1000 ppm gave the maximum values.
2-Leaf chemical compositions:
The eleven leaf chemical compositions namely chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls, total carotenoids, total carbohydrates %, N, P, k (as %) and Fe, Zn and Mn (as ppm) in the leaves were remarkably enhanced in response to treating the palms with Royal Jelly at 100 to 400 ppm and/ or glutathione at 250 to 1000 ppm relative to the control. Using glutathione was superior than using Royal Jelly and combined applications were superior than using each material alone in this connection. Using both materials together at the higher concentration gave the highest values.
3-Flowetring, fruit setting % characteristics and the yield:
Single and combined applications of Royal Jelly at 100 to 400 ppm and glutathione at 250 to 1000 ppm resulted in greatest promotion on length of spathe, number of strands/ spathe, percentage of initial fruit setting as well as yield/ palm and bunch weight relative to the check treatment. Using glutathione was considerably preferable than using Royal Jelly in enhancing these parameters. There was a gradual promotion on length of spathe , number of strands / spathe, fruit setting, yield/ palm and bunch weight with increasing concentrations of Royal Jelly and glutathione. Meaningless promotion on the aspects was observed when concentrations of Royal Jelly were raised from 200 to 400 ppm and glutathione from 500 to 1000 ppm. Therefore the recommended treatment from economical point of view was 200 ppm and 500 ppm for Royal Jelly and glutathione, respectively.
The best results were recorded on the spathe length, number of strands per spathe, percentage of initial fruit setting , yield per palm and bunch weight when spraying Ferehy date palms three times with a mixture of Royal Jelly at 400 ppm and glutathione at 1000 ppm.
4-Fruit quality characteristics:
It was obviously enhanced in terms of increasing weight, diameter and height of fruit, flesh %, edible to non- edible portions, TSS%, total , reducing and non- reducing sugars %, at the same time decreasing seed %, total acidity % and total crude fibre %, with using Royal Jelly at 100 to 400 ppm and/ or glutathione at 250 to 1000 ppm relative to the control treatment. Using glutathione was materially favourable than using Royal Jelly in enhancing some fruit quality characteristics. Economically point of view, the best results were obtained due to treating Fehery date palms three times with a mixture of Royal Jelly at 200 ppm and glutathione at 500 ppm.