الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Experimental design: Two experiments were designed each experiment using 210 Indian River (IR) chicks 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 6 treatments; each treatment was divided into 3 replicates; each replicate was divided into 10 chicks.
The data collected were: live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate (MR), performance index (PI), European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF), carcass characteristics, digestive tract length, some intestinal activity of enzymes, some nutritional utilization, intestine microbiology, and intestine histology.
1st experiment: a total of 210 unsexed 1-day-old (IR) broiler chicks were used in this study to assess the use of WB as sources of fiber in broiler diets with or without enzymes.
Experimental groups were as follows:
1- Chicks fed the Basal diets (control).
2- Chicks fed diets with WB (5 %).
3- Chicks fed diets with WB (7.5 %).
4- Chicks fed diets with WB (10 %).
5- Chicks fed diets with WB (5 %) + Enzymes.
6- Chicks fed diets with WB (7.5 %) + Enzymes.
7- Chicks fed diets with WB (10 %) + Enzymes.
The main results obtained can be summarized as follows.
1- Chicks were fed diets containing WB 5% without or with enzymes led to increase body weight (1885.66 and 1941.53 g, respectively) compared to the control (1870.33g). and increasement in body weight gain begin (1845.00 and 1901.53 g) compared to control (1830.00g).
2- Chicks fed diets with WB 5% without or with enzymes increased feed consumption compared to control group, while FCR was not affected between treatments (1.51: 1.50) compared to control group (1.50).
3- Chicks fed diets with WB 5% showed improvement in PI and PEEF compared to control group. PI ranged between 124.67 and 130.04, while EPEF ranged between 356.19 and 371.56.
4- There was no mortality observed in birds fed basal diets supplemented with WB.
5- There was no significant effect on CCR and PCR among all treatments.
6- Data for economic efficiency cost of broiler chicks as affected by dietary treatments from 0-35 days of age; thus, relative economic efficiency values were improved in birds fed WB without or with (T1-6) enzymes by 25.02, 23.81, 20.08, 29.51, 27.49, and 20.37%, respectively.
7- There were no significant effect on % carcass traits. While chicks fed diets containing different levels of WB showed a significant increase in gizzard%, a numerical increase in digestive gut%, and a numerical decrease in abdominal fat%, Bursa weight (%) and spleen weight (%) of dietary treatments were not significant different than control group.
8- Data for economic efficiency cost of broiler chicks as affected by dietary treatments from 0-35 days of age; thus, relative economic efficiency values were improved in birds fed WB without or with (T1-6) enzymes by 25.02, 23.81, 20.08, 29.51, 27.49, and 20.37%, respectively.
9- There was significant improvement in length of total digestive tract, small intestinal, cecum and width of cecum (mm) in birds fed on diets contain on WB compared to control group.
10- The activity of amylase, cellulase and xylanase significant increase in birds fed on WB compered to control group. While, The activity of lipase not affected by the treatments and control. but, the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin numerical improve in birds fed on WB compered to control group.
11- There were significant differences in villi height and villi width among treatments, and goblet cell numbers significantly increased by feeding WB.
12- Birds fed on diets containing WB in broiler diets had increased total counts, decreased the count of coli form, and a mild increase in lactic acid bacteria compared to control group.
13- There was no significant differences in values of nutrient utilization among all treatments.
2ndExperiment: A total of 210 unsexed 1-day-old (IR) broiler chicks were used in this study to assess the use of WB as sources of fiber in broiler diets with or without enzymes.
Experimental groups were as follows:
1- Chicks fed the Basal diets (control).
2- Chicks fed diets with SH (1.50 %)
3- Chicks fed diets with SH (3.00 %).
4- Chicks fed diets with SH (4.50 %).
5- Chicks fed diets with SH (1.50 %) + Enzymes.
6- Chicks fed diets with SH (3.00 %) + Enzymes.
7- Chicks fed diets with SH (4.50%) + Enzymes.
The main results obtained can be summarized as follows.
1- Body weight and body weight gain had been significantly affected by using SH in broiler diets without or with enzymes. Data showed that the highest levels found in birds were fed diets with 1.50% SH without or with enzymes (T1 or T4) by (1901.36 and 1948.83g) LBW and (1860.70 and 1907.33g) BWG.
2- Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio had been significantly affected by using SH in broiler diets without or with enzymes. Data showed that the highest levels found in birds were fed diets with 1.50% SH with enzymes (T4), resulting in 2870.66 g of feed consumption and a 1.50 feed conversion ratio compared with other treatments.
3- Chicks fed diets with WB 1.50% without or with improved PI and PEEF compared to control group PI ranged between 124.67 and 130.04, while EPEF ranged between 356.19 and 371.56.
4- There was no mortality was observed in birds fed basal diets supplemented with SH.
5- There was no significant effect on CCR and PCR among all treatments.
6- Data for economic efficiency cost of broiler chicks as affected by dietary treatments from 0-35 days of age; thus, relative economic efficiency values were improved in birds fed SH without or with enzymes (T1-6) by 11.18, 3.42, 0.19, 13.28, 5.10, and 0.85%, respectively.
7- There was no significant effect on percentage of carcass characteristics; chicks fed diets containing different levels of SH showed a significant increase in % gizzard, a numerical increase in % digestive gut, and a numerical decrease in % abdominal fat, bursa weight (%) and spleen weight (%) of dietary treatments were not significant different than control group.
8- There was a numerical increase in the length of the total digestive tract, the length of the total small intestinal tract, the cecum length (cm), and the cecum width (mm) between chicks fed different dietary treatments compared with control group.
9- The activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin was non-significant affected by the treatments or control group, but there was a significant difference between treatments in activity compared to control group. Using SH in broiler diets led to an increase in the activity of amylase, cellulase and xylanase compared to control group.
10- Non-significant differences was found between treatments in villi length, significant effect in Villi width. While, significant increase in crypt depth, data showed the best level seen in birds were fed SH 1.50 with enzyme (T4).
11- Using SH in broiler diets increased total counts of bacteria and lactic acid bacteria and decreased coliform bacteria compared to control group.
12- No significant differences within values of nutrients utilization among all treatments.
Conclusion
It could be used wheat bran or soybean hulls as sources of fiber in broiler diets without or with enzymes at the level of 5% WB or 1.50% SH due to their positive effect on productive performance, improved economic efficiency, gut health (digestive morphology and histology), and improved activity of intestinal enzymes and nutrient utilization without negative effects on chick viability.