الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, El- Shatby, Alexandria University, in the period from 2018 to 2021. The main objectives of this study were to use the biotechnology tools to in vitro propagation of jojoba and to solve the sex problem of jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis). To achieve this aim three experiments were conducted as following: A. The first experiment was conducted to develop an efficient method for micropropagation of true‐ to‐ type jojoba female by using two explants (shoot tips and lateral buds) on several medium protocols and subsequently, to find the best explant source linked with the optimum medium conditions for the high potentiality of shoot formation.
B. The second experiment was conducted to assess the genetic stability of in vitro grown propagules based on the study of molecular markers. C. The third experiment was conducted to identify sex for jojoba at seedlings stage using molecular markers techniques (ISSR). The results obtained from these could be summarized as follows: The first experiment (In vitro propagation of jojoba female): This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for in vitro propagation of jojoba plants with the aim of obtaining plant regeneration similar and similar to the mother plant (true-to-type) in large numbers, in a short time, in a small space and at a lower economic cost. In the first stage, two different plant parts were used, (the shoot tip and the lateral buds) in environments containing different types of cytokinins at different concentrations. Three in vitro culture traits (number of branches/ explant, number of leaves/ explant and shoot length) were recorded. In a separate experiment, the effect of BGS environment (0.009 mg indole acetic acid Summary 67 (IAA) + 0.03 mg kinetin (KIN) + 0.001 mg folic acid) on the elongation of stunted generated plant derived from in vitro propagation, these plants were transferred on this medium for four weeks.