الفهرس 
Developmental Coordination DisorderOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a marked impairment in the development of motor skills or motor coordination that develops early on life and interferes with an individual’s activities of daily living. DCD is a common and chronic disorder resulting in considerable consequences in daily life. DCD refers to motor performance that is substantially below expected levels, given the person’s chronologic age, which significantly interferes with activities of daily living during childhood, and is not due to a known general medical condition.
Children with dyslexia are characterized by different mental processing, which presents with difficulties in reading, writing and spelling. Dyslexia can also be associated with deficits in cognitive processes, such as memory, processing speed, time management, coordination and skill automatization. In addition to this, visual and/or phonological deficits can occur, as well as difficulties in academic performance. It is now well established that Dyslexia is a neurological and cognitive disorder with a hereditary origin. But the precise nature of the disorder is still hotly debated. A growing body of literature suggests that deficits in motor skill performance exist in the dyslexic population. Despite the lack of underlying pathology, children with dyslexia may exhibit motor deficits. A significant number
of dyslexic children may exhibit poor motor coordination, which can lead in problems in manual dexterity, in ball skills, as well as in balance skills.
DD and DCD are neurodevelopmental disorders that impede the child’s ability to learn reading and to master motor skills, respectively. There is firm evidence of an overlap between these two disorders, with different rates of comorbidities.
This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 1200 students in 10 schools from grade 1-3, in eastern Cairo to assess the prevalence of the developmental coordination disorder in a sample of Egyptian primary school children and detect the comorbidity with other disorders that might lead to learning difficulties, namely dyslexia.
The results of the current study can be summarized as follows:
1- Regarding the prevalence of DCD, the present study reported that 17.1% (205/1200 children) of children were diagnosed to have DCD, 194/205 children of them (94.6%) with IQ score >85 (included children in the current study) while 11/205 children (5.4%) were with IQ score <85 (excluded children). 47.4% (92/194 children) of included children were males and 52.6% were females (102/194 children). Also, 87.1% (169/194 children) of included children were at private schools while the rest 12.9% (25/194
children) were from public schools. Regarding age distribution of included children, 137/194 children (70.6 %) were “8 -<9 years” followed by 38/194 children (19.6%) were “7 -<8 years” then 12/194 children (6.2%) were “9 -9.1 years” and 7/194 children (3.6%) were “5.9 -<7 years”.
2- There is a statistically significant positive correlation between age “years” of the studied children group and control during movement, fine motor/handwriting, general coordination and total score of DCD.
3- There is a statistically significant negative correlation between risk quotient of DEST of the studied children group according to their DCD about control during movement, fine motor/handwriting and total score of DCD. Also, there is a statistically significant negative correlation between diagnosis of dyslexia of the studied children group and Fine motor/handwriting and total score of DCD.
4- There is a statistically significant positive correlation between total score of DCD of the studied children group and bead threading, phonological discrimination, letters naming and shape copying of DEST. On other hand, there is a statistically significant negative correlation between total score of DCD of the studied children group and rapid naming, postural stability, risk quotient and diagnosis of dyslexia of DEST.
5- There is a statistically significant positive correlation between mean of IQ and control during movement, fine motor/handwriting and total score of DCD.
For better children’s school achievement, different assessment tools could be used for early diagnosis of DCD among primary school children. It is important to pick up undetermined children with DCD and find out its effect on children’s academic abilities as reading, leading to Dyslexia