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Abstract
Six experiments were conducted on dromedary camels during the breeding (November to April) and non-breeding (May to October) seasons for two successive years (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) in order to investigate factors affecting oocyte in vitro developmental competence and to investigate gene expression of matured oocytes. selected (excellent and good quality) oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 and CR1aa media at 38.5 {u00BA}C, 5% CO for 40 hrs, without or with EGF. Higher 2 (P<0.05) oocyte yield rate of excellent and good quality was observed during the breeding versus the non-breeding season. Camel oocytes cultured in TCM-199 showed better cytoplasmic maturation rate than CR1aa as expressed by increased percentage of GIII cumulus expansion. TCM-199 medium supplemented with EGF increased nuclear maturation rate versus its effect in CR1aa. Moreover, addition of EGF to TCM-199 and CR1aa improved cytoplasmic maturation rate. Cleavage rate of IVF oocytes increased in maturation medium TCM-199 + EGF when compared with TCM-199 without EGF. Natural parthinod camel embryos were higher during the breeding season in zygote (2nd pb), 2- cell, 4-cell and 8-cell stages and embryo like structure when compared with the non-breeding season. Significantly (p<0.05) higher CX43, IGF1, ATP5A1 were found in matured oocytes of TCM-199+EGF group than immature and TCM-199 groups. BCL2 (apoptosis gene) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in TCM-199 camel oocytes group than that observed in TCM-199+EGF immature oocytes group. In conclusion, breeding season was characterized by excellent and good oocyte yield.TCM- 199 and CR1aa media were suitable for in vitro maturation of camel oocytes. IVF of matured camel oocytes can be done using epididymal sperm. Addition of EGF to culture media improved developmental competence of camel oocytes and embryos due to its effect on gene expression of matured oocytes. Natural parthinogenesis phenomenon was higher during the breeding season: