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Abstract
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a lymphoproliferative multisystemic fatal syndrome of many domestic and wild animals. Two forms of MCF were originally described, the sheep associated type (SA - MCF) is the most popular one. Due to the common clinical signs between the skin form of MCF and lumpy skin disease, accurate differential diagnosis is required to discriminate between them and to confirm their clinical occurrence. The present study was conducted on 169 animals of different species (130 cattle, 8 buffaloes, 31 sheep). The clinical examination revealed high persistent fever, corneal opacity, mucopurulent oronasal discharges, mucosal lesions and ulcerative skin lesions. All of these symptoms have been observed in the clinical cases of MCF and LSD. No clinical signs were observed in sheep. Peripheral blood leukocytes (Pbl) samples (169) were collected for laboratory investigation. Semi nested PCR and simple conventional PCR assays have been used for MCF and LSD respectively, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the positive PCR products. For the MCF cases, further confirmatory diagnostic assays as histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also performed. OvHV - 2 DNA was detected in PBL of 25 animals (12 cattle, 2 buffaloes and 11 sheep). The phylogenetic analysis of the OvH - 2 PCR products revealed 100% identity with the OVH - 2 strains of Brazil, USA and India. The histopathological examination showed pansystemic vasculitis with lymphocytic infiltration in lymphoid and non lymphoid organs. The PCR results of LSD revealed 70 case are positive (all of them were cattle) there was no incidence of LSDV in the examined buffaloes. Sequence analysis for LSDV PCR product the revealed that the prevalent virus isolate among the Egyptian cattle is the LSD Ismailia / 89 strain