الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diclofenac sodium is widely used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in treating pain and inflammation in humans and animals. Although there are several reports on the adverse effects of DS, there is a shortage of information on its impact on the male reproductive system. Therefore, this study investigated the potential protective effects of curcumin, coumarin, and honey on the testis of DS-challenged mice and their essential mechanistic tools. Thirty adult male mice were randomly and equally divided into five groups. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The control group did not receive any treatment, while the DS group was injected intraperitoneally with DS at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW daily during the second and third weeks. DS + curcumin group received curcumin at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW, DS + coumarin group received coumarin at a dose of 30 mg/kg BW, and DS + honey group received honey at a dose of 5 g/kg BW. All the protective agents were administered daily using an oral gavage throughout the whole period of the experiment in parallel with injection of the above mentioned dose of DS during the second and third weeks. At the end of the experimental period, plasma was obtained for measurement of each of pituitary gonadotrophic hormones, gonadal hormones, total antioxidant capacity and lipid profile, and the testes were collected for estimation of redox parameters and evaluation of the histological features and carrying out TUNNEL assay.
Diclofenac sodium increased testicular LPO level and plasma TAC and decreased testicular GSH and SOD activities. Curcumin, coumarin, and honey decreased LPO and increased GSH and SOD, whereas coumarin and honey reduced TAC. DS caused a decrease in plasma FSH while, FSH levels increased in the plasma of all the protected groups. Plasma LH increased in the DS+curcumin and DS+coumarin groups compared to the DS group. The plasma testosterone levels were within the standard limits in all experimental groups. The histopathological alterations in the testicular tissue following DS burden were rescued in all protected groups except the DS+coumarin. The integrity of the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules was normalized by the natural products. Curcumin-, coumarin- and honey- supplemented groups showed few numbers of apoptotic spermatogenic cells similar to the control group.