الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cerastes Cerastes (CC) Is The Most Common Egyptian Snake. Many Studies Are Done To Explain The Possible Snake Venom’s Pharmacological Therapeutic Effect In Different Autoimmune Diseases. Leurieus Quinquestriatus (LQ) Is A Type Of Scorpion Present In Egypt. Recent Studies Illustrated The Possible Use Of Scorpion Venoms In The Treatment Of Several Autoimmune Diseases. This Study Explains The Possible Effect Of CC And LQ Venoms In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Through Different Mechanisms. The Current Study Was Divided Into Two Phases Where, Phase I Was Done To Investigate The Lowest Therapeutic Dose Of CC Snake Venom And LQ Scorpion Venom, Whereas Phase II Determined The Potential Therapeutic Effect Of The Chosen Doses Of CC And LQ Venoms, Respectively On Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Different Mechanisms. The Used Rats Were Allocated Into A Negative Control Group, CC Control Group, LQ Control Group, Positive Control group Receiving Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA), Dexamethasone-Treated group (CFA + DEX), Infliximab Treated group (CFA + IFX), CC-Treated group (CFA + CC) And LQ-Treated group (CFA + LQ). The Study Was Ended On The 20th Day. Serum And Tissue Samples Were Prepared For Further Assessment Of Rheumatoid Factor (RF), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-Α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Receptor Activator Of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL), Phosphorylated Janus Kinase (P-JAK-2), Phosphorylated Signal Transducers And Activators Of Transcription (P-STAT-3), Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer Of Activated B Cells (NF-Κb), Malondialdehyde (MDA) And Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 (Nrf-2). Histopathological Examination Of Different Groups Knees Joints And Spleen Was Also Performed. The Results Showed That CFA Administration Succeeded In Induction Of RA Which Was Showed In All Of The Assessed Parameters. In Addition, The Results Revealed A Significant Decrease In RF, P-JAK-2, P-STAT-3, RANKL, TNF-Α, IL-6, NF-Κb And MDH As Well As A Significant Increase In GSH, And Nrf-2. Histopathological Examination Of Knee Joint And Spleen Showed Also A Better Improvement That Demonstrated The Possible Usage Of LQ Venom In RA Disease Improvement. All Of These Proved That CC And LQ Venoms Have Potent Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory And Immunomodulatory Effects And Thus Can Be Used In Further Clinical Studies To Show Their Possible Usage In The Management Of RA Disease.
Key Words: Rheumatoid Arthritis; Cerastes Cerastes; Snake Venom; Leurieus Quinquestriatus; Scorpion Venom; Complete Freund Adjuvant’s; Rats.