الفهرس 
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Abstract
Potassium bromate, for example, is a frequent food additive (KBrO3). One of the most often utilised flavour enhancers in Southeast Asian food items is potassium bromate. To enhance the dough, raise the bread’s volume, and maintain its form, potassium bromate is a chemical ingredient that is added to flour. As a consequence, people are constantly exposed to toxic chemicals.
As a medicinal plant, the medicinal properties of Nigella sativa are well known. Traditional medicine suggested it as a remedy for a wide range of ailments. About 100 different bioactive chemicals may be found in black seeds. These include several different vitamins (A, B, and C), as well as various minerals, as well as fatty acids (calcium, potassium, zinc, and iron). Antioxidants in Nigella Sativa oil, such as thymoquinone and tocopherol, reduce free radical damage and promote the synthesis of cellular antioxidant molecules.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the pathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical consequences of chronic potassium bromate poisoning on several bodily systems (testes, ovaries and thyroid gland). An other study is looking at whether nigella sativa oil may improve albino rates. Toxicology, biochemistry, and histology departments of Minia University’s Faculty of Medicine conducted this research from March 1 through September 30 of 2021.
This research included a total of 80 adult albino rats (40 males and 40 females), each weighing between 200 and 250 grammes. Every rat was placed in one out of four groups, each with a total of twenty. Those in group (I) were given water by mouth as a control. The nigella sativa oil-treated group (II) received 100mg/kg of nigella sativa oil orally. The potassium bromate-treated group was (III). A 200mg/kg dosage of potassium bromate was administered orally. Potassium bromate and nigella sativa oil were used to treat group IV. For three months, this group was given the same amounts of potassium bromate and nigella sativa oil as the preceding group.
Rats’ weights differed significantly across groups after the first, second and third months of this investigation based on a statistically significant variation in their body weight. Rats given potassium bromate lost weight in a way that was statistically significant. Weight gain was considerable, although not as much as in the control group, when rats were fed nigella sativa oil and potassium bromate.
In addition, rats given potassium bromate had significantly lower levels of GnRH, FSH, LH, Testosterone, T3 and T4 and significantly higher levels of serum TSH. When potassium bromate and nigella sativa oil were used, the hormones gnRH, FSH, LH, testosterone, T3 and T4 all rose dramatically, while serum TSH declined significantly, but none of these levels had yet reached the control level.
When it comes to oxidative stress indicators, potassium bromate increased MDA levels in the testicular, ovarian, and both male and female thyroid glands of rats, while decreasing catalase levels in the same areas. After giving rats nigella sativa oil and potassium bromate, the rats’ MDA levels dropped dramatically, while their Catalase levels rose noticeably, although they were remained below the control level.
The interstitial tissues of the seminiferous tubules displayed significant edoema and congestion upon histopathological analysis, as did the degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in the rats in this research. When compared to the potassium bromate group without cellular degeneration, these modifications in group IV became very minor. While supplementation with nigella sativa oil greatly repaired the testicular damage, the normal testicular structure was still not obtained as a result of this treatment.
Ovarian stromal swelling and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration were found in the histological characteristics of tissues taken from rats given potassium bromate in the present investigation. Some of the ovarian follicles had deteriorated. When compared to group III, group IV’s modifications were far less pronounced.
Degeneration of certain thyroid follicles, widespread mononuclear inflammatory cellular infiltration of the parenchyma, and deformed acini and stromal congestion were seen in the thyroid glands of rats given potassium bromate in this research. Those in group IV had a moderate mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration of the parenchyma of the thyroid glands.
Potassium bromate groups revealed a substantial positive expression of caspase-3 and TNF- by immunohistochemical analysis. In comparison to other groups, there was a steady decline in the number of regions that had positive staining, ranging from barely detectable levels in the potassium bromate plus nigella sativa groups to statistically insignificant levels in the control group.