الفهرس 
Introduction
Diabetes MellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes is a serious worldwide epidemic in which both genetic and environmental parameters combined to develop its full-blown picture (Dhawan & Natarajan, 2019). In 2019, Diabetes affected 463 million adults and accounted for 4.2 million deaths. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 90% of the total cases (Saeedi et al., 2019). Before development of T2DM, people almost have prediabetes which represents an intermediate state of hyperglycemia with glycemic parameters above normal yet still below the diabetic criteria. Prediabetes carries its own hazards on retinal, renal and peripheral nervous tissues (Altemani et al., 2018). The prediabetic population was recently estimated to be 374 million and was suggested to reach 548 million by 2045 (Saeedi et al., 2019). Treatment of prediabetes is still the only dream that could prevent or at least delay diabetes and its related complications (Suvarna & Ved, 2019). Therefore, several national diabetes prevention programs were constructed. US diabetes prevention program (US DPP) and its 10-years outcomes reported that intensive lifestyle intervention and metformin separately resulted in significant diabetes risk reduction as compared to standard care life (58% and 38% respectively (Aroda et al., 2017; Knowler et al., 2009).