الفهرس 
Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
T
he microvascular changes that happen in the retina resemble that occur in the brain in CSVD patient. We found significant decrease in vessel density in superficial retinal capillary plexus and deep retinal capillary plexus. Also, subsequent decrease in retinal thickness as decrease macular thickness and average ganglion cell complex. Also, FAZ area was enlarged in CSVD patients as a sign of ischemia. Finally, we found that these microvascular and structural changes in retina were significantly associated with higher WMHs scores and also associated with increased CSVD burden in term of SVD score. So, noninvasive and rapid acquisition of the OCTA image might have the potential to be used as a screening tool to detect CSVD.
RECOMMENDATIONS
A
s OCTA is a new technique, few papers reflect its role in CSVD. So, we recommend further studies with larger groups of patients that may add new results and help for early detection of minute brain changes. That would be a good predictor for CSVD.
SUMMARY
I
n summary, cerebral SVD refers to any pathology in all vascular structures (small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and small veins). Optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) is a novel, real-time and noninvasive technique to obtain high-resolution 3D images of retinal and choroidal vascular networks.
This study tried to find a new way for early detection of brain microvascular changes through retinal microvascular changes, which may help very early protection against various neurological problems as stroke and dementia.
The current study included a group of patients with CSVD (40 subjects) compared to healthy controls (20 subject) both were homogenous for demographic data and risk factors. We found a decrease in retinal vessel density both superficial and deep plexus in cases than controls, increase FAZ area in cases and decreased retinal thickness in macula and GCC in all cases than controls which may be explained by the effect of ischemia and hypoxia similarly to that of the brain.
We also proved the relation between SVD score and fazekas grades in MRI brain and various OCTA parameters, which may be a good indicator for the severity of CSVD.
Finally, the current study highlights the role of OCTA in detecting ischemic changes in retinal microvasculature and retinal structure which may prove and also predict the same changes in the brain. So, we could consider OCTA as a very good screening tool for CSVD.