الفهرس 
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Abstract
Effect of standard and low protein diets containing Gum Arabic on hyperuricemic rats.
This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Forty-nine (49) Normal female albino rats (Sprague –
Dawely Strain) weighing 200+10 g. were obtained from the Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Rats were treated with 30% fructose in drinking water for 6 weeks to induce hyperuricemia. The rats were divided into two main groups as the following: The first main group: (7 rats):fed on standard diet only ”as a negative control group”and the second main group: (42 rats with hyperuricemia):
The rats in the second main group was divided after confirmation of hyperuricemia into six subgroups as a following:
- The first subgroup (7 rats): fed on a standard diet, as a positive control group (1).
- The second subgroup (7 rats): fed on a diet containing 5% gum Arabic.
- The third subgroup (7 rats): fed on a diet containing 10% gum Arabic.
- The fourth subgroup (7 rats): fed on a low protein diet* as a control positive group (2).
- The fifth subgroup (7 rats): fed on a low protein diet* containing 5% gum Arabic.
-The sixth subgroup (7 rats):fed on a low protein diet* containing 10% gum Arabic.
* Low protein diet: diet containing 7% protein.
At the end of the experimental period (6 weeks), rats were anesthetized with light ether and kidney of each rat were removed and washed in saline (0.9% NaCl), dried with filter paper then weighted immediately absolute weight (g) at the end of each experimental period. Then relative weights (g / body weight) of kidney was determined. According to the method described. The kidneys were kept in 10% formalin for the histological study.
from the out comes of this study, it could be concluded that: Treating rats with fructose in drinking water to induce hyperuricemia increased the mean value of body weight gain% and kidney weight / body weight% significantly, as compared to the negative control group (un-treated rats).
- Using Gum Arabic in preparing the standard diet of low protein diet decreased the mean value of BWG% and kidney weight / body weight % in rats suffering from hyperuricemia, as compared to the positive control groups.
While Biochemical analysis showed that :Treating rats with fructose in drinking water to induce hyperuricemia increased the mean value of serum glucose significantly, as compared to the negative control group (un-treated rats).
- Using Gum Arabic by levels (5% and 10%) in preparing the standard diet of low protein diet decreased the mean value of serum glucose in rats suffering from hyperuricemia, as compared to the positive control groups.
- The best results in decreasing serum glucose were recorded for the hyperuricemic group fed on a low protein diet containing 10% Gum Arabic, followed by the group which suffer from hyperuricemia and treated with a standard diet containing 10% Gum Arabic.
- Feeding rats on standard diet or low protein diet and treated them with fructose in drinking water to induce hyperuricemia increased the mean value of serum (uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine) significantly, as compared to the negative control group (un-treated rats).
- Using Gum Arabic by levels (5% and 10%) in preparing the standard diet of low protein diet improved the mean value of serum uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine in rats suffering from hyperuricemia, as compared to the positive control groups.
- The best results in decreasing serum uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine were recorded for the hyperuricemic group fed on a low protein diet containing 10% Gum Arabic, followed by the group which suffer fromhyperuricemia and treated with a standard diet containing 10% Gum Arabic.
- Also could be concluded that feeding rats on a standard diet ”standard diet” or low protein diet and treated daily with 30% fructose in the drinking water to induce hyperuricemia led to a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c and VLDL-c, while HDL-c increased, as compared to the negative control group. On the other hand, treated hyperuricemic rats with a low protein diet improved lipid profile than that of the hyperuricemic rats who were treated with the standard diet. Also feeding rats with hyperuricemia on a standard diet or low protein diet containing (5% and 10% gum Arabic) improved also the lipid profile, as compared to the positive control groups.
- from the results, it could be concluded that feeding rats on a standard diet ”standard diet” or low protein diet and treated daily with 30% fructose in the drinking water to induce hyperuricemia led to a significant increase in AST, ALT and ALP enzymes, as compared to the negative control group. On the other hand, treated hyperuricemic rats with a low protein diet improved these parameters than that of the hyperuricemic rats who were treated with the standard diet. Also feeding rats with hyperuricemia on a standard diet or low protein diet containing (5% and 10% gum Arabic) improved also the liver enzymes, as compared to the positive control group
The investigation of kidneys’ structure:
The study showed kidney samples taken from rats in different groups to detect the effect of standard and low-protein diets containing 5% and 10% gum arabic on histopathological changes. These percentages led to a decrease in the severity of the analytical changes resulting from high uric acid in the blood on the cells. where this was observed in the positive control group, one of the best results for the kidneys of rats from the group fed a low-protein diet containing (10% gum arabic) described no histopathological alterations except slight congestion of renal blood vessels.
Recommendations
According to the results of the current study.
1- Hyperuricemic patients are advised to consume gum Arabic as it improved kidney functions, glucose level, liver enzymes and lipid profile
2- Gum arabic, with a low protein diet, could be an effective treatment for hyperuricemia and, accordingly, gout in humans
3- Fortification of some staple foods, beverages, and juices with gum Arabic may be beneficial for preventing and treating hyperuricemia, gout, and kidney failures.
4- Nutritional education programs are needed to increase the awareness of people about gum Arabic, and its relationship to human health.
5- Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of other various levels of gum Arabic during a longer duration on hyperuricemia.
6- More studies are needed to evaluate the effects of gum Arabic on other chronic diseases.