الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to study and monitor the Urban Heat Island (UHI) / Urban Cool Island (UCI) phenomenon and its adverse effects on both the local and global environment as well as to study the negative effects on human activities in terms of productivity, lifestyle and health issues. It was found that the UHI might accelerate the global warming issue and its related negative impacts, especially on populated and built-up areas. This research focused on the studying and estimating the UHI and to introduce the proper policies and to try to reduce its adverse impacts on both local and global environment.
The objectives of this research study were to monitor and quantify the UHI/UCI for two study areas, the first study area is EL-Sheikh Zayed City and the second study area is El-Senbellaween City. EL-Sheikh Zayed City study area represents a desert area that was a desert in the past and transformed into an urbanized area. On the other side, El-Senbellaween City study area represents an agriculture land that was transformed into built-up or urban area. The research study utilized the Thermal Infrared Remotely Sensed data and GIS capabilities to monitor and quantify the UHI/UCI issues. Two main models were designed and developed. The first model introduced wasto calculate the Emissivity-corrected LST for Landsat 5, 7, and 8 imageries. where the second model was developed to calculate and extract the UHI/UCI values and applied change detection techniques for both study areas in August, 1998 and August, 2018.
The main results of this study discussed that both of the study areas suffered from a high rate of urbanization. Most of the newly built-up areas in El-Senbellaween City study area were located over agricultural lands that demolished cultivated lands in Delta over time. On the other side, the built-up areas (urban development) in El-Sheikh Zayed City study area were located over desert lands. EL-Sheikh Zayed City study area suffered from UCI effects, whereas, El-Senbellaween City study area from a negative effect of UHI. The UCI effects of El-Sheikh Zayed City study area might be due to the urbanization expansion over desert lands. In contrast, the UHI in El-Senbellaween City study area might be due to the Land Use change from vegetation to urban areas. The UHI in El-Senbellaween City study area was calculated and it was noticed that the UHI effect is about 13 times more than the global warming. In EL-Sheikh Zayed City it was calculated that the changes of 1Km2 from desert into urban could lead to a decrease in the e-corrected LST after removing the Global Warming (GW) and the Regional Drivers (RD) effects was about -0.07℃/decade. Whereas, in El-Senballaween City study area, it was calculated that the change in 1Km2from agricultural land into urban area might lead to a significand increase in the e-Corrected LST after removing the GW and RD effects to become +0.85℃/decade. These changes should alert the concerned environmental agencies that the change of 1Km2from agricultural lands to urban areas is about four times the effects of the Global warming per decade.