الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chapter I: Introduction
This chapter presents a review of the available water resources in Egypt with a concentration on the highlighted challenge that impose the different uses of the available water resources. Wastewater reuse as one of the potential resources for the overcome of the water stress in Egypt has also been addressed. Finally, the research aims, and general objectives has also been illustrated.
Chapter II: Literature Review
This chapter represents a detailed discussion about water demand in Egypt for the different uses and highlights the difficulties faced by the governorate due to such stress in water resources. Different water demand was addressed to determine all the demand for all Egypt. Water Resources have been also clarified, in seek to emphasize the problem size of water scarcity. Potential strategies to overcome water shortage were also addresses. Detailed discussion about water reuse and wastewater treatment technologies has been illustrated through this chapter. AOPs were addressed as one of the unique and very potential methods to improve the reuse of wastewater for different purposes.
Chapter III: Materials and Methods
This chapter is designed to cover the philosophy of the study and give a clear pathway of the research methodology and approach. This includes listing and discussion of the used procedures, analytical methods, Materials, Solutions, instruments, and chemicals.
Chapter IV: Results and Discussion
This chapter demonstrates the study’s results that reached throughout the research steps, which include three main steps as follows:
• Monitoring the wastewater quality of selected wastewater treatment plants in Cairo (El-Berka, Balaqs, and Arab Abosaaed).
• Determination of the effectiveness of using different oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, Fenton, photo Fenton and Ferrate) and optimum conditions on selected WWTP.
• Comprehensive comparison of the different technologies Monitoring the wastewater quality of selected wastewater treatment plants in Cairo.
In this part, a survey was done to assets the quality of effluent from three WWTPs (Arab Abosaaed, Balaqs and El-Berka). Clarify that the percent removal of TSS is ranging from 85% to 92% with the lowest removal for El- Berka and highest removal was accomplished for Arab Abosaaed. The removal percent of BOD5 ranging from 86% to 94% for Arab Abosaaed and El Berka, respectively. The removal percent for COD ranging from 83% to 90% for Arab Abosaaed and El Berka, respectively. In addition, WWQI was used to determine the suitability of each for reuse, the WWQI illustrates that effluent from the three-treatment plant is unsuitable for uses according to Class A and B. This hinders the use of water in the production of higher- value agricultural goods. Any improvement of the water quality at these two categories Class A and B plants would be of high economic and social benefit. Furthermore, some of the agricultural land around the drains irrigated using the water from drains, enhancing of water quality in the outlet would for sure have a positive impact on the water quality at the drains and for the public health.
Determination of the effectiveness of using different oxidants and determination of optimum conditions on selected WWTP.
In this part, enhancement of El Berka effluent using different oxidants. In this section experiment was done to determine of the effectiveness of using different oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, Fenton, photo Fenton and Ferrate).
The following is considered the optimum conditions for treatment via hydrogen peroxide:
• Dose: 15 mg/l
• Stirring rate: 80 rpm
• Contact time: 30 min.
Using Fenton is more efficient than using hydrogen peroxide alone. However, referring to the cost of ferrous sulfate and comparing the reuse codes, it could be more economically efficient to use hydrogen peroxide alone. The results after treatment by Photo- Fenton, the removal efficiency is 100% for all the measured parameters.
Ferrate was prepared by the dry method and used for the treatment of the effluent of WWTP, the following is considered the optimum conditions for treatment via ferrate:
• Dose: 20 mg/l
• Stirring rate: 20 rpm
• Contact time: 10 min
Comprehensive comparison of the different technologies
This section includes the results of comparison between the efficiencies of different AOPs, all the used oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, Fenton, Photo-Fenton, and Ferrate) have accomplished the required removal to allow the water to be reused for each required purpose. However, the cost benefit of using ferrate and hydrogen peroxide is more favorable as it cheaper. Further comparison between the scaleup option, hydrogen peroxide could be more applicable to be scaled up and moreover, it could be nationalized as a strategic industry.
The results of each of the oxidants allow the reuse of each of them in different uses of water. This will increase the economic value of the water and its availability. The challenge of the water scarcity in Egypt pushes in
the way for searching of alternative sources for water resources. Keeping with the water strategy of Egypt water reuse represent one of the potential solutions for such challenge.
Chapter V: Conclusion and Recommendation
These chapter present a concentrated conclusion for the study with future research works highlighting and proposed recommendation.