الفهرس 
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multi-system pregnancy syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of hypertension, escalated proteinuria and in some cases oedema usually after 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia is further categorized as a two-stage disorder namely, early, and late onset. Unfortunately, the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are complex and still largely unknown. This is the first study to declare the effects of vit D supplementation versus ART on blood vessel damage, oxidative stress, and histopathological studies in a rat model of preeclampsia disease. This study was aimed at developing a rat model that will mimic the classic symptoms of PE through chronic administration of L-NAME and investigated whether Vit D or ART aided in alleviating these symptoms. Forty pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were used for the study. These were divided into four groups; the pregnant control, diseased PE, Vit D treated, and ART treated. On gestational day 20, the rats were euthanized and tissue harvesting, various histological, and biochemical parameters such as blood pressure, proteinuria, oxidative markers, fetal body weight and placental weight, histopathological studies were done. We found that the administration of L-NAME during the pregnancy created a preeclamptic like syndrome. Treated rats with Vit D showed improvement in fetal and maternal parameters when compared to their respective preeclamptic group treated with ART which show partial improvement. The results of this work support the impact effects of vit D treated group was better than ART treated group. Vitamin D treated group was statistically more significant than ART treated group in all measured parameters such as blood pressure, proteinuria, oxidative markers, fetal body weight, placental weight, histological examination under LM and ultrastructure study under EM. This may be explained by pleotropic effect of Vit D treatment than ART treatment in slowing progression and reverse PE pathogenesis. ART had partial beneficial effects as it partial reduced the oxidative stress of PE in a rat model but not improved all measured parameters which means that ART doesn’t exert protective activity against pathophysiology of PE.