الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT : Background : In recent years, Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have emerged as a powerful cell-based therapy for various diseases, including male infertility. Transplantation of MSCs is considered a promising technique to repair azoospermic testis, because of their multipotency and ability to home damaged testis. Aim : Demonstrating the efficiency of BM-MSCs transplantation by different routes of injection to home and repair testis of busulfan-induced azoospermic rats. Material and methods: In the present study, rat BM-MSC line were established and characterized for mesenchymal and hematopoietic markers by flow-cytometry. Induction of infertility was induced by two doses of 10 mg/kg of busulfan given at a 21-days interval to male rats which stop spermatogenesis within 35 days after 2nd dose. Then azoospermic rats were treated by BM-MSCs which were injected via various routes (IP, IV, and topical in testis). This group was studied in comparison with control groups. After 60 days; semen analyses were performed beside mainly Biochemical, histopathological, immunohistological, and ultrastructural investigations. Results : BM-MSCs were expressed by CD44+ve, CD105+ve, CD106+ve, CD73+ve, CD34-ve, and CD45-ve. Semen analysis was significantly showed almost normal sperm morphology, motility, and count after treating with BM-MSCs. The levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone were significantly healthy recurring, also the levels of SOD, GSH, and MDA were significantly normalized after BM-MSCs treating. Seminiferous tubules showed healthy morphology and spermatozoa were detected in epididymis tubes according to the histopathological analysis of BM-MSCs treated rats. BM-MSCs injected subgroup intravenously was showed the most significant healing infertility results (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Transplanted BM-MSCs had the potential to home rat azoospermic testis and restore spermatogenesis. As a result, BM-MSCs with their differentiation and homing unique properties can be a challenging cell-based therapy for male infertility.