الفهرس 
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Abstract
”Background: Angiogenesis plays an important role in goiter development with endothelial cell proliferation occurring before increased proliferation of the thyroid follicular cells, and increase in both VEGF and Angiopoietin-1 in the serum and intrathyroid tissue.The VEGF is a protein with antiapoptotic, mitogenic, and permeability- increasing activities specific for vascular endothelium, and is produced by nonmalignant cells in the thyroid gland in response to hypoxia and inflammation. Angiopoietin is a protein isolated from neoplastic cells characterized by its capacity to induce and maintain neo-vascularization. It is also present in normal human tissues and fluids like follicular fluid.Objective: To measure the levels of VEGF and Ang-1 in patients with benign thyroid disorders before and after thyroidectomy and compare it to the normal control subjects.Patients and Methods: A total number of 80 patients were included in this prospective study (12 males and 68 females). Fifty subjects were used as a control group. The patients’ age ranged from 19 to 60 years. They were admitted from the outpatient clinics of endocrine and general surgery in Mansoura University Hospital from February 2017 to February 2020. They were provisionally diagnosed as benign thyroid disorders.Results: Eighty patients with a median age of 40.41years, 68 of whom were females, were included; 30 had benign multinodular goiter, 20 had solitary follicular adenoma, 10 had diffuse toxic, 10 had nodular toxic goiter, and 10 had Hashimoto thyroiditis. In all patients, pre-operative circulating VEGF and Ang-1 levels were increased with respect to controls (P<0.001), and a decrease after thyroidectomy was observed in the levels of VEGF (P<0.001) in all of them. This decrease was significant after total thyroidectomy compared to near total and hemi-thyroidectomy. Circulating Ang-1 were significantly increased (P<0.001) after thyroidectomy in all patients.Conclusion: Results from this study raise the potential for VEGF and Ang-1 factor to be used as biomarkers of the effectiveness of thyroidectomy in benign thyroid lesions. These results needs further investigations and may have potential prognostic implications.Keywords: Angiogenesis – Thyroidectomy – VEGF – Angiopoietin-.