الفهرس 
Historical backgroundOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this thesis, chapter one will introduce the general introduction about the research point. Chapter two represents the historical background of SHS, different methods of preparation and applications. Chapter three will illustrate the used chemicals and reagents, methods of preparation and characterization techniques. Finally, chapter four will clarify and discuss the achieved results.
In case of PANI composites, the results can be concluded as:
1-The electrochemical polymerization using the CV method was employed to prepare PANI and the PANI/TiO2 and ZnO and GO nanocomposites. Comprehensive characterization and analysis were presented.
2-Prepared powders (ZnO and TiO2) were in the ranges of 13 and 6.5 nm, respectively.
3-FE-SEM images of the PANI/TiO2, PANI/ZnO and PANI/GO nanocomposites showed the formation and morphological evolution of the PANI thin films. The mechanism of morphological growth of the PANI nanocomposites was discussed.
4-The XPS analysis was used to study the surface chemistry and composition of PANI and the PANI nanocomposites.
5-Detailed information from the scan spectrum was presented for all elements in the thin film. The analysis confirmed the incorporation of oxide nanoparticles in the matrix.
6-The results clearly indicated that a superhydrophobic PANI coating can be produced by a simple and inexpensive electrochemical polymerization technique.
7- FTIR spectrum confirmed the formation of PANI and its composites.
8-The water contact angles for PANI/TiO2, PANI/ZnO, and PANI/GO were 46º, 136º, 139º respectively.
9- Novel and environment friendly composite from (PANI/TiO2/ZnO) was fabricated via cyclic voltammetry method, WCA reached to 150.4º confirming that the deposited film is superhydrophobic.
On the other hand, PPy/ZnO and PPy/TiO2 electrodes were fabricated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and water contact angle (WCA) and modified electrodes was compared to that of the unmodified polypyrrole electrode. The results indicate that:
1- The scanning electron microscopy measurements show that cauliflower-like metal aggregates are formed on the film surface.
2- The electrochemical experiments reveal that metal deposition on conducting polymer can be envisaged as an attractive method for the electrodes. By measuring the WCA of the deposited film, the values were 140, 117 for PPy/TiO2, PPy/ZnO respectively.