الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most important diseases now that medicine is currently concerned with. There are many causes that cause it and exist in our normal life, including psychological and nervous stress, tension and many medicines, including anti-vomiting drugs, schizophrenia medicines, hypnotics, sedatives, pituitary tumors and other reasons. Hyperprolactinemia leads to menstrual disturbances, delayed childbearing, and sometimes infertility in both males and females.
Recently, great efforts have been focused on natural compounds and herbal ingredients without toxic and harmful effects to provide new therapeutic agents for hyperprolactinemia, so this study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves and sage leaves celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia in male and female rats. The present study also aimed to compare the effectiveness of the three extracts and the drug used in the treatment, and to achieve these goals, the following biological experiment was achieved:
Sixty males and females albino rats of Wistar strain weighing about 100g were obtained from the farm of experimental animals in Helwan, Cairo, Egypt. The rats were housed under normal laboratory conditions. The rats had free access food and water ad libitum during the experiment period.
Rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 12), “6 groups of females and 6 groups of males”. And the first group in both males and females was left without treatment (the negative control group), then hyperprolactinemia was induced in the five groups in both males and females by metoclopramide - an anti-dopamine - (150 mg / kg / day) for a week by mouth and the prolactin hormone was analyzed to confirm the occurrence of infection. A group of females and males were left without any comparison treatments (positive control group), the third group in both groups were given a chemical drug used to lower the prolactin hormone (lactodel) for comparison, while groups (4, 5 and 6) were given alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and seeds of a plant. Celery at a concentration of 250 mg / kg / day, via tube, for 30 days. The prolactin hormone analysis was analyzed after the end of the trial to evaluate the results. Several other analyzes have been made to ensure the safety of using these extracts without affecting any of the body’s functions or other hormones. The results obtained can be summarized as follows:
1. Curative effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram, celery and sage on the levels of PRL, FSH and LH hormones in serum of male rats affected with hyperprolactinemia induced by metoclopramide.
There was a significant increase (P <0.05) in prolactin hormone levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated by evidence of the return of these analyzes to their normal levels. No significant differences were found between the therapeutic efficacy of marjoram, sage and celery in male rats affected by hyperprolactinemia.
The results also showed significant decreases (P <0.05) in FSH hormone levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of the alcoholic extracts of both marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated by the evidence of returning the analyzes to their normal levels. Marjoram and celery showed better curative efficacy than sage.
The results showed significant decreases (P <0.05) in LH levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated by the evidence of returning the analyzes to normal levels. No significant differences were found between the therapeutic efficacy of marjoram, sage and celery in male rats affected by hyperprolactinemia..
2. Curative effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram, celery and sage on the levels of PRG, EST and TST hormones in serum of male rats affected with hyperprolactinemia induced by metoclopramide.
Significant decreases (P <0.05) in progesterone levels appeared in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated by evidence of the return of these analyzes to normal levels. Marjoram and celery showed better curative efficacy than sage in male rats with hyperprolactinemia.
The results also showed significant decreases (P <0.05) in the levels of the estrogen hormone (E) in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated by evidence of returning the analyzes to normal levels. Marjoram and celery are better than sage in male rats with hyperprolactinemia.
The results showed significant reductions (P <0.05) in testosterone levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated by evidence of returning the analyzes to normal levels. No significant differences were found between the therapeutic efficacy of marjoram, sage and celery in male rats affected by hyperprolactinemia.
3. Curative effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram, celery and sage on the levels of PRL, FSH and LH hormones in serum of female rats affected with hyperprolactinemia induced by metoclopramide.
The results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in prolactin levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated by the evidence of the return of these analyzes to their normal levels. Sage and marjoram were more effective than celery in female rats infected with hyperprolactinemia.
The results also showed significant decreases (P <0.05) in FSH levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia was shown by the evidence of the return of the analyzes to their normal levels. No significant differences were found between the therapeutic efficacy of marjoram, sage and celery in female rats affected by hyperprolactinemia.
The results showed significant decreases (P <0.05) in LH levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The curative effect of the alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia was shown by the evidence of the return of the analyzes to their normal levels. Marjoram and sage were more effective than celery in female rats infected with hyperprolactinemia.
4. Curative effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram, celery and sage on the levels of PRG, EST and TST hormones in serum of female rats affected with hyperprolactinemia induced by metoclopramide.
The results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in progesterone levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia was demonstrated by the evidence of the return of these analyzes to their normal levels. No significant differences were found between the therapeutic efficacy of marjoram, sage and celery in female rats affected by hyperprolactinemia.
The results also showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in estrogen levels (E2) in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The therapeutic effect of alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia was shown by the evidence of the return of the analyzes to their normal levels. No significant differences were found between the therapeutic efficacy of marjoram, sage and celery in female rats affected by hyperprolactinemia.
The results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in testosterone levels in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. The curative effect of the alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against hyperprolactinemia was shown by the evidence of the return of the analyzes to their normal levels.Celery and sage were more effective than marjoram in female rats infected with hyperprolactinemia.
Finally, the alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves, and celery plant seeds showed a significant therapeutic effect against hyperprolactinemia induced by metclopramide as evidence of hormonal testing (Prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, estrogen (E2) and testosterone) and other analyzes such as kidney function, liver function, blood sugar, lipids, total bilirubin, total protein, and complete blood count, to normal levels during The trial period (30 days) in females and males. The therapeutic effects of both the alcoholic extracts of marjoram leaves, sage leaves and celery seeds against metaclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia may be due to the phytoestrogens containing phytoestrogens that affect estrogen receptors or di-terpenoid affecting dopamine receptors or both.