الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted at the Laboratories of both the Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El- Kheima, Egypt and The Cell Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt during the period of 2017- 2020. The aim of this study was to determine the variation among thirty sesame accessions and two cultivars on the morphological level, oil contents and to clarify some molecular markers using ISSR, SRAP techniques for genetic diversity.
The results could be summarized as follows:
1. Five yield–related traits were studied in 32 sesame genotypes. Analysis of variance and the recent multiple range tests by LSD showed major variations between all the characteristics tested (p > 0.05).
2. Mean values showed significant differences among all studied genotypes, Shandaweel 3 were the highest plant height (220 cm), while the genotype Qena5-85 recorded the shortest plant height (100 cm). Asyut-71 was the heaviest shoot fresh weight accession (802.2 g), while Aswan1-82 genotype was the lightest one (99.5 g). The genotype Sohag1-70 recorded the largest pods no. (75.7), while Al Wadi Al Jadeed1-83 genotype recorded the lowest pods number (10.3). Qena2- 69 genotype scored the heaviest pods weight value (202.6 g), while genotypes Behera-81 was the lightest accession (32.2 g). Ismailia2-77 and Qena2-69 recorded the highest oil content (60.17 % and 60%), while Qena1-68 and Minya2-93 recorded the lowest value of oil content (40.53% and 44.3%).
Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs)
1. Eleven ISSR primers were used to assess the biodiversity among thirty- two sesame genotypes.
2. The total number of amplified bands was 46 bands across the fifteen sesame genotypes using 11 ISSR primers. All primers generated DNA amplification. Primer HB-10 and HB-12 have no polymorphism, while primer 807 produced the highest polymorphism (100%).
3. ISSR primers; 98A, 807, HB-4 produced six fragments, while primer HB-1 showed seven fragments, which is the highest number of markers, primer 49B resulted in four fragments and primers HB-9, HB-11, HB- 12, HB-13, HB-15 gave three fragments, while primer HB-10 exhibited the lowest number of markers (two fragments).
4. Primers 49B and HB-11 showed one unique band, while primers 807 and HB-1 showed two unique bands.
Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)
1. Seven primers were used to evaluate the biodiversity among thirty-two sesame genotypes.
2. The total number of amplified bands was 23 bands across the fifteen genotypes using 7 SRAP primers. All primers generated DNA amplification. Primer ME2xEM5 and ME5xEM3 gave no polymorphism, while primer ME4xEM4 produced the highest polymorphism (85.71%).
3. SRAP primers; ME2xEM5, ME7xEM7 showed two fragments, which were the lowest number of markers, while primers ME5xEM3, ME6xEM6, ME9xEM9 ME10xEM10 each resulted in three fragments and primer ME4xEM4 produced seven fragments, which is the highest number of markers.
4. Primer ME4xEM4 produced three unique bands, while primer ME9xEM9 revealed one unique band.
PCA and Heat map analysis
1- The principal component analysis (PCA) results based on ISSR and SRAP data separated the 15 studied sesame genotypes into four
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SUMMARY
groups. The first group included Luxor1-66, Behera-81, Qena5-85, Sohag5-88 and Beni Suef-91, the second group contained Qena2-69, Sohag1-70, Asyut-71, Al Daqahlya-74, and Ismailia4-79. However, the third group contained Minya2-93, Aswan2-94, Giza 32 and Shandaweel 3. Meanwhile, Al Wadi Al Jadeed2-90 was clustered alone in separate group and distantly related to the three main groups of the two main axis of PCA.
2- Heat Map revealed that out of the 15 sesame genotypes, 14 were sorted together into three clades, while the genotype Al Wadi Al Jadeed2-90 was clustered jointly as out-group in the basal position of the tree.
3- The first clade comprised jointly two sub-clads, Sohag5-88, Beni Suef- 91, while Behera-81 and Qena5-85 is close to luxor1-66. In the second clade, Al Daqahlya-74, Ismailia4-79 were close together as sisters to Qena2-69, Sohag1-70 and Asyut-71. Meanwhile, the third clade represented that Minya2-93 is closely related to Giza 32, at the same time is being sister to Aswan2-94 and Shandaweel 3.