الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents are of the most common metabolic disease in the world. T2DM is a complex progressive disease with life-threatening complication that can affect multiple body systems. It is considered one of the most serious public health problems world-wide due to the rapidly increasing prevalence. The global prevalence of diabetes in adult (20-79) years old according to report published in 2015 by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) was 415 million, the number is espected to rise beyond 642 million by 2040. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia represent important pathophysiological components of DM that can result in endothelial dysfunction through several underlying processes which promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetic complication are divided into micro and macrovascular complication, microvascular include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, macrovascular complication include cardiovascular disease such as heart attack and stroke. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious longterm complication of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by developmental of proteinuria with subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate often for ten years . DN is develops in 30% to 40% of patients with diabetes.