الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The demand for oil is rising because it is the cheapest source of conventional energy from the possibility of pollution of the coasts either through transport or through production. The study aims to assessment of the sensitivity of the Egyptian coasts along the Nile Delta, as well as marine factors that help spread oil spills as they leak into the territorial waters by analyzing images and digital maps and employing GIS techniques. Micro-phytoplankton and organic carbon through satellite imagery that clarify the factors affecting determination of the degree of sensitivity of the coast in terms of the size of the grains, the degree of exposure of the coast and the degree of its decline, coastal environments, industrial activities, human and tourist gatherings and objective maps were developed to determine the total sensitivity of the study area. The results showed that the eastern side of the coastal region of the Nile Delta is shallower than the western side of the delta offshore, which means that if an oil spill occurs in shallow areas, the toxic substances and saturated hydrocarbons will concentrate. Eastern side has lower temperatures than the rest but it’s hotter in summer, Because higher temperatures reduce the viscosity of the oil slick, leaks in cooler areas keep the oil slick longer. Maps of the distribution of chlorophyll, microorganisms and organic carbon have shown that these elements are more present in the eastern side of the delta offshore, which means that any oil spill in that region will have adverse effects and negative environmental dimensions in the long run.
The overall sensitivity maps showed that the eastern side is more vulnerable in the event of an oil spill than the western region and that the effect in winter is more than the summer. The study also showed that the coast of the Nile Delta varies to varying degrees in terms of its sensitivity to oil pollution once it reaches the coast due to the different composition of the coast line and the degree of exposure and decline and the extent of the presence of coastal environments and human factors. The study showed that the most sensitive coastal areas to oil pollution that extend along the west coast from Alexandria to Lake Idku, and there are some areas with high sensitivity and located on the beaches of Port Said, Ras El Bar, New Damietta and wet coastal areas at the west of the Delta. On the other hand, the areas with low sensitivity are those areas which are not covered by any human or tourist activity or areas that are not covered by any economic activity. These areas are located on the coasts of the Delta near the shores of Lake Burullus and some shores of Lake Manzala and coasts east of Port Said.