الفهرس 
Review of Literature of pneumoniaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common childhood illness with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), have been suggested to contribute to CAP severity. So, this study was designed to evaluate the association of TNF-α with pediatric CAP severity.
This prospective observational study was conducted on 85 children hospitalized with a diagnosis of CAP from October 2017 to June 2018.
Any patient from the age of 2 months up to 5 years hospitalized for CAP was eligible for inclusion in the study. CAP was diagnosed in the presence of signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection that had been acquired outside the hospital. This had to be corroborated by the finding of an infiltrate on chest x ray.
Children were excluded if they were under 2 months or older than 5 years of age. Exclusion criteria also included cough for longer than 14 days, congenial heart disease, bronchiolitis, persistent asthma, chronic pulmonary disease, immune deficiency, immunosuppressive medications, suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis, and presence of another infection in association with CAP.