الفهرس 
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Abstract
Prospective randomized controlled study carried out at Ain shams university, urology department from January 2018 to April 2019.
50 patients with lower ureteral calculi were treated. In 25 cases, the ureter dilated by intravesical aminophylline (group A), where is in the other 25 cases the ureter dilated by balloon (group B).
We compared the aminophylline effect on lower ureter during uretroscopy by the balloon dilatation effect.
No statistically significant difference between them in stone free rate, intra operative complication, need for DJ stent. However, a non statistically significant difference in the time of operation in favor of balloon dilatation.
There was statistically highly significant decrease in intraureteral pressure after injection of aminophylline (7.80 ± 1.71) than before injection (12.2 ± 1.85) with p-value < 0.001.
However, post operative pain and haematuria were statistically significantly higher in the balloon group than aminophylline group.
We recommend aminophylline to enhance ureteral dilatation and reduce post operative pain and haematuria.